A thermosensor protein that has been identified was TlpA, a protein in Salmonella that was needed...

A thermosensor protein that has been identified was TlpA, a protein in Salmonella that was needed to induce virulence genes at high temperature. Why might a bacteria want to have virulence gene expression coupled to temperature?

Expert Solution

The virulence gene or the virulence factor is essentially a function of how well the pathogenic bacteria is able to evade or be resistant to host defense tactics and mechanisms. It is given to us that a protein in Salmonella, TlpA was coupled with the virulence gene at high temperatures.

Many organisms, ranging from bacteria to plants and animals need to be able to respond to environmental cues(one of which being a change in temperature) and react accordingly for their survival.For viruses, and in this case, bacteria, temperature is a critical environmental cue or variable that can induce death, survival, or pathogenesis. Microbes are often exposed to various types of temperature changes, be it increasing global temperature, an increase in the temperature due to defensive activity carried out by the host, etc. The action of the immune system in most animals involves a raise in the temperature due to the nature of the defense. Bacteria that have different viral growth properties at different temperatures, have a larger chance of proliferation and infection, and this helps the bacteria spread. Due to the impact of temperature on key developmental factors, many bacteria have evolved to couple virulence gene expression with temperature. An example of this is Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which infects plants. This enables the bacteria to be better equipped to survive in a broader range of conditions, and makes them more hardy, and successful in continuing to proliferate. This is the primary reason a bactera might want to couple virulence gene expression with temperature. In bacteria, temperature sensing is done using a variety of mechanisms that have evolved in accordance to the characteristics of the microbe in question, and the environmental conditions.

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gladiator answered 1 year ago

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