Question

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The lineage leading to Homo sapiens diverged from the lineage leading to Pan troglodytes ________________ of years ago.

1. hundreds of millions

2. billions

3. thousands

4. millions

What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution?

1. Microevolution is proven fact, and macroevolution is just a guess (a theory).

2. Microevolutionary processes are always faster than macroevolutionary processes.

3. Microevolution describes changes in allele frequencies within populations/species; macroevolution describes processes occurring above the species level.

4. Microevolution is about small changes, and macroevolution is about big changes.

What is the proper relationship between the terms “fact” and “theory”, as they are used in science?

1. Theories are guesses, but if they turn out to be correct, they become facts.

2. A hypothesis, after passing many tests against facts, becomes a theory.

3. Many facts, when added together, become a theory.

4. Theories provide systematic explanations of diverse classes of facts.

Assuming the model of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, if the allele frequency of A is .6 and the allele frequency of a is .4, what are the expected genotype frequencies?

1. AA=.36, Aa=.48, aa=.16

2. AA=.60, Aa=.00, aa=.40

3. AA=.25, Aa=.50, aa=.25

4. AA=.16, Aa=.48, aa=.36

Which of the following is INCORRECT about the Urbilataria?

1. Urbilateria were probably small, bilaterally symmetrical wormlike creatures.

2. Urbilateria were the common ancestors of the three bilaterian clades.

3. Urbilateria were common in the Burgess Shale.

4. Urbilateria lived at least 560 million years ago in the Precambrian.

What are Ediacaran animals?

1. a group that includes the Cambrian Burgess Shale animals

2. a group of mainly soft-bodied animals that lived at the end of the Precambrian

3. Australian monotreme mammals

4. the group that includes starfish, sea urchins and sea cucumbers.

Phylogenetic analyses suggest that most Cambrian animals represent:

1. stem or crown groups of animal phyla.

2. Urbilateria.

3. extinct groups unrelated to living animals.

4. Precambrian relicts.

Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria for adaptive radiation?
Group of answer choices

1. monophyly

2. rapid speciation

3. contains at least hundreds of species

4. trait utility

Hagfishes and lampreys are the only living:

1. ostracoderms.

2. agnathans.

3. gnathostomes.

4. cephalochordates.

Answer 1

Answere :

Question 1 : The correct option is Option (4) i.e. millions.

Explanation : Lineages leading to chimpanzees and modern humans become separated is about 5 millions years ago.

Question 2 : The correct option is Option (3) i.e. Microevolution describes changes in allele frequencies within populations/species; macroevolution describes processes occurring above the species level.

Explanation : Microevolution describes changes within a population over a short period of time, whereas macroevolution describes larger changes such as the formation of new species over longer periods of time.

Question 3 : The correct option is Option (2) i.e. hypothesis, after passing many tests against facts, becomes a theory.

Explanation : A scientific theory summarizes a hypothesis or group of hypotheses that have been supported with repeated testing. A theory is valid as long as there is no evidence to dispute it.

Question 4 : The correct option is Option (1) i.e. AA=.36, Aa=.48, aa=.16

Explanation : The Hardy-Weinberg equation can be tested for the null hypothesis that p^{​​​​​​2} + 2pq + q^{​​​​​​2} = 1, where p : pq : q is the ratio of homozygotes of one allele to heterozygotes to the homozygotes of the other allele.

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