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16. Larkin Hydraulics. On May 1, Larkin Hydraulics, a wholly owned subsidiary of Caterpillar (U.S.), sold...

16. Larkin Hydraulics. On May 1, Larkin Hydraulics, a wholly owned subsidiary of Caterpillar (U.S.), sold a 12-megawatt compression turbine to Rebecke-Terwilleger Company of the Netherlands for €4,000,000, payable as €2,000,000 on August 1 and €2,000,000 on November 1. Larkin derived its price quote of €4,000,000 on April 1 by dividing its normal U.S. dollar sales price of $4.320,000 by the then current spot rate of $1.0800/€. By the time the order was received and booked on May 1, the euro had strengthened to $1.1000/€, so the sale was in fact worth €4,000,000 * $1.1000/€ = $4,400,000. Larkin had already gained an extra $80,000 from favor-able exchange rate movements. Nevertheless, Larkin’s director of finance now wondered if the firm should hedge against a reversal of the recent trend of the euro. Four approaches were possible:

1. Hedge in the forward market: The 3-month forward exchange quote was $1.1060/€ and the 6-month for-ward quote was $1.1130/€.

2. Hedge in the money market: Larkin could borrow euros from the Frankfurt branch of its U.S. bank at 8.00% per annum.

3. Hedge with foreign currency options: August put options were available at strike price of $1.1000/€ for a premium of 2.0% per contract, and Novem-ber put options were available at $1.1000/€ for a premium of 1.2%. August call options at $1.1000/€ could be purchased for a premium of 3.0%, and November call options at $1.1000/€ were available at a 2.6% premium.

4. Do nothing: Larkin could wait until the sales pro-ceeds were received in August and November, hope the recent strengthening of the euro would continue, and sell the euros received for dollars in the spot market.

Larkin estimates the cost of equity capital to be 12% per annum. As a small firm, Larkin Hydrau-lics is unable to raise funds with long-term debt. U.S. T-bills yield 3.6% per annum. What should Larkin do?

Expert Solution

Total Euro receivable Receivable on August 1 = € 2,000,000

Receivable on November 1 = € 2,000,000

Current spot rate = $ 1.1000 / €

Cost of equity = 12%

Treasury Bill yield = 3.6%

Option 1 Hedge in Forward market 3-month forward quote = $1.1060 / € 6- month forward quote = $ 1.1130/€ Amount receivable after three months = € 2,000,000 * 1.1060 = $ 2,212,000

Amount receivable after six months = € 2,000,000 * 1.1130 = $ 2,226,000

Present Value of amount receivable after three months = $2,212,000/(1+12%/12)^3 = $ 2,212,000 /1.01^3 = $ 2,146,945.41

Present Value of amount receivable after six months = $ 2,226,000/(1.01)^6 = $2,096,992.69

Total present value of the amount receivable from futures = $ 2,146,945.41 + $2,096,992.69 = $ 4,243.938.10

Option 2 Borrow Euros at Frankfurt at 8% per annum, convert them into USD at current spot rate. On maturity, the Euro liability is paid off with the receivables. The USD amount received can be utilised by the company either in production activities or invested at T-Bill rate

Present value of the amount to be borrowed for three months = 2,000,000/(1+8%/12)^3 = 2,000,000/1.00667^3 = € 1,960,527.47

Present Value of the amount to be borrowed for six months = 2,000,000/1.00667^6 = € 1,921,833.97

Total amount borrowed = € 1,960,527.47 + € 1,921,833.97 = € 3,882,361.44 Convert the borrowed euro amount into USD at spot rate = € 3,882,361.44 * 1.1000

jeff jeffy answered 1 year ago

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