1. Explain why bacterial behaviors such as biofilm formation,
quorum sensing, and endospore formation can promote disease
2. Explain multiple ways in which causing disease to humans can
benefit microorganisms
4. Describe the appendages of bacterial cells.
a. How motility is accomplished in
bacterial cells.
b. What are pilin and the role of pili and
fimbriae.
c. Explain the structure of flagella.
Define the term “Biofilm”, describe the stages of the biofilm
life?cycle and give examples where biofilms are beneficial and
where they are problematic. (
Describe the four stages of the normal bacterial growth curve
and explain the growth patterns of each stage. Define the terms
binary fission and generation time.
Describe the stages of phagocytosis. Explain how toll-like
receptors and pathogen associated molecular patterns are involved
in the process of phagocytosis. list any organelles involved in the
process.