Cytology is defined as the branch of pathology that deals with
diagnosing diseases and conditions by examining a single cell type
in the tissue samples from the body.
It is also known as cytopathology.
The samples that are studied in order to make a diagnosis are:
bodily fluids such blood, urine, csf; fluids drawn from the body;
materials scrapped from the surface of specific parts of the
body.
The collected samples are prepared and smeared on a glass slide
for microscopic analysis.
Hence, the tests made for cytological studies are called smear
tests.
Cytology is generally used to diagnose or screen for cancer,
diagnose infectious organisms, screen for pap smear to identify
cervical cancer and abnormalities and to screen for any fetal
abnormalities.
Based on the method of collecting the sample for studies,
cytology is divided into two types. They are : exfoliative and
intervention cytology.
Exfoliative cytology : In this, cells are collected either by
spontaneous exfoliation (collection after spontaneous shedding of
the cells or fluids) or by manual exfoliation (scrapping off cells
from the surface of the body).
Intervention cytology : In this, aspiration using a needle is
performed to extract the cells or body fluids from the body.
Define the social self and how it is developed.
Define individualistic and collectivistic cultures.
Define the fundamental attribution error.
Discuss how culture is most likely to make the fundamental
attribution error and why. Include the role this plays in the
development of the social self.
Define what an electrical potential is
Define what a current is
Define polarized
Why are cells described as polarized?
How do cells maintain their resting membrane potential?
Define: normal
profit.
2.
Define: external
diseconomies
3.
Define: transactions
costs.
4.
Define:
public goods.
5.
Define:
moral hazard.
6.
Define:
asymmetric information.
7.
Define:
a natural monopoly.
8.
Distinguish between a
progressive and
a
regressive
tax.
9.
Distinguish between the
risk and
uncertainty in economics
10.
Define:
marginal cost
11.
What are the consequences of
natural monopolies?
12.
Explain
why negative externalities like air pollution lead to too much
production of the pollution-producing goods.
13.
Explain
why private, for-profit...
Define the null hypothesis,
and the alternate hypothesis
Define the acceptance
region
Define a one-sided alternate
hypothesis and two-two sided alternate hypothesis
Define the
α error
Define the
β error
Define a type I error and a
type-II error.
In terms of fixed significance
testing, define the P-value.
Define the null hypothesis,
and the alternate hypothesis
Define the acceptance
region
Define a one-sided alternate
hypothesis and two-two sided alternate hypothesis
Define the
α error
Define the
β error
Define a type I error and a
type-II error.
In terms of fixed significance
testing, define the P-value.