Question

In what way might you expect transcription and translation to be different in prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

PROKARYOTES	EUKARYOTES
1. There is coupled transcription and translation	1. Transcription and Translation are separated
2. Transcription and translation occurs in cytoplasm	2. Transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm
3. Only single RNA polymerase synthesizes all 3 types of RNA	3. RNA polymerase I, II and III are responsible for synthesis of different types of RNA.
4. RNAs are released and processed in the cytoplasm	4. RNAs are released and processed in the nucleus.
5. Transcriptional unit has one or more genes	5. Transcriptional unit has only one gene
6. Very less process of mRNA	6. Processing of RNA is complex involving 5' cap 3' poly A tail and splicing.
TRANSLATION ONLY DIFFERENCES
7. Translation occurs on 70s ribosomes with 30s and 50s subunits	7. It occurs on 80s ribosomes with 40s and 60s subunits
8. First amino acid taking art is fMET	8. First amino acid is Met
9. Translation requires 3 initiation factors IF 1, 2 and 3	9. Requires more initiation factors
10. Elongation factors required are EF-Tu, EF-Ts, and EF-G	10. Elongation factors EF1 sigma, EF1 beta gamma, are the counterpart arts of bacterial EF- Tua and EF-Ts and Eukaryotic EF2 corresponds to the Ef-G in bacteria
11.There are more release factors	11. Requires single release factor eRF1