Question

Unit 5 : PROBLEM SOLVING AND DECISION MAKING

1- Define:

a. Problem.

b. Decision making.

c. Scientific decision making.

d. Complexity in scientific decision making.

e. Information.

f. A management information system (MIS).

g. Creativity.

2- Describe the PDCA cycle as model to solve problem.(Fig 1 294).

3- Describe the Toyota method for problem solving.(Fig 3-296).

4- Define the decision-making model.(fig 4-299)

5- What is the problem caused by information overload?

6- What is the Creative Process? and How to Help People Think Creatively?

Answer 1

Answer 1A.
Problem is defined as a situation or instance in which something is preventing from being achieved. The person who is facing a problem must always find a way of solving it and the the means of solving a problem is called a solution.
Answer 1B.
Decision making is defined as the cognitive process of identifying and choosing the alternative based on the best option available including the values, reference and beliefs of the decision maker. Every decision making process varies from other decision making process and the final choice may or may not prompt an action. Decision making is generally a rational approach, which is a solution deemed to be optimal.
Answer 1C.
Scientific decision making is a systematic approach of collecting facts and applying logical decision making techniques instead of generalizing from the past experience of trial and error. The scientific approach towards decision making always involves the use of data and logic as opposed to intuition and gut feeling. Scientific decision making always ensures that the decisions which are made are monitored continuously and reviewed.
Answer 1D.
Complexity in scientific decision making are defined as significant factors which include past experience and a variety of cognitive bias in the decision making process. The following are the complexities in the scientific decision-making process-
1. Age of the decision maker
2. Socio economic status of the decision maker.
3. Belief and experience of the decision maker.
4. Educational background of a decision maker.
5. Cultural impact of decision maker.

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