Question

1. List the different Decision-Making phase which is a component of problem solving

2. Differentiate between Programmed vs Non-Programmed Decision.

3. What are the outputs of Management Information System?

4. Summarize the characteristics of a GSS that enhance decision making

Answer 1

Q1.

ANS: Decision-making phase: the decision-making phase has 4 major phases as given below:

1. Intelligence phase: In this phase, the decision-maker examine the situation and identify potential problems and opportunity. The decision-maker also establish problem ownership in this phase.
2. Design Phase: in this phase, the decision-maker develops an alternative solution to the problem. These alternative solutions are developed by constructing a model that represents the system, and then making an assumption based on reality and this model is then validated with prescribed criteria that gives him a possible alternative solution.
3. Choice stage: this phase is based upon selecting a proposed solution of the given model. The possible solution is then tested to check its viability. If the solution seems reasonable it is forwarded to the next phase.
4. Implementation stage: this phase represents the solution being put into effect. Successful implementation will lead to problem-solving. Failure will result to start fresh from phase1.

Q2.

ANS: Programmed vs Non-Programmed Decision

Programmed Decision	Non-programmed Decision
These decision are repetitive in nature	These decision are non-repetitive or unique in nature
These decision are made for solving complex or simple problems.	These decision are made for solving complex solution.
Decision require no judgement	Decision require judgement.
Decision remains constant for longer period of time.	Every decision is different thus their is no consistency
Rules and procedure is establish to solve this problem.	It uses system approach in solving the problem

Q3.

ANS: Outputs of Management Information system:

1. Periodic Report: this report is usually published in a predetermined format at a specified interval of time. Usually, it can be monthly, quarterly, half-yearly or yearly.
2. Triggered Report: this report is triggered in a specific situation. The manager usually publishes this report when an unusual situation arises in their work environment. The competence of MIS is tested based upon generating the reliable triggered report.
3. Demand report: this report suggests a possible solution to the specific query of the user. Amazon’ site allows customers to track packages
4. Drill-down report: this report generates detailed data about a situation. Example: company to sales department to sales representatitive.

Q4.

ANS: Characteristics of a GSS that enhance decision making:

1. Special Design: it is a group interactive computer-based system the connect decision-makers in finding solution that is unstructured in nature.
2. Ease of Use: it uses an interactive interface that is easy to use from any place around the world.
3. Emphasis on the semi-structure and unstructured decision: it gives more emphasis on giving semi or unstructured decision to middle and top-level management.
4. Supports all phases of decision-making: GSS supports all the phases of decision-making namely: Intelligence, design, choice and implementation phase.
5. Support positive group behaviour: in group meeting, it helps participants to openly share their ideas or perspective without the fear of being criticized. It has positive influence on group behaviour.