Question

3. How does transcription and RNA processing in eukaryotes differ from the same processes in prokaryotes?

Answer 1

Prokaryotes just include 3 various promoter components: -10, upstream elements, and -35 promoters. Eukaryotes have a variety of promoter components: TATA box, initiator components, downstream primary promoter component, CAAT box, so the GC package to name just a few. Eukaryotes have 3 kinds of RNA polymerases, I, II, and also III, then prokaryotes just have a single sort. Eukaryotes form as well as initiation complex with the different transcription elements which dissociate after initiation is finished. There's no such structure observed in prokaryotes. An additional primary distinction in between the 2 is the fact that transcription as well as translation happens together in prokaryotes as well as in eukaryotes the RNA is primary transcribed in the nucleus after which converted in the cytoplasm. RNAs from eukaryotes undergo post transcriptional modifications including: capping, splicing, and polyadenylation. These events don't occur with prokaryotes. mRNAs of prokaryotes tend to contain a number of different genes on an individual mRNA meaning they're polycystronic. Eukaryotes include mRNAs which are monocystronic. Termination in prokaryotes is accomplished by either rho-independent or rho-dependent mechanisms. In eukaryotes transcription is terminated by 2 elements: a poly(A) signal & a downstream terminator sequence.

The main impact on RNA processing, involving eukaryotes and prokaryotes, is in the processing of messenger RNAs.In bacterial prokaryotes, the mRNA is converted straight as it comes from the DNA template. Within eukaryotic cells, RNA synthesis, which happens in the nucleus, is separated from the protein synthesis machinery, and that is in the cytoplasm. Additionally, as talked about previously, eukaryotic genetics have introns, noncoding regions which interrupt the gene. The mRNA copied from genetics with introns will thus have noncoding regions which interrupt the info in the gene. These noncoding regions have to be removed prior to the mRNA is sent from the nucleus to be utilized for protein synthesis. The procedure for eliminating the introns and also rejoining the coding areas or maybe exons, of the mRNA, is named splicing.

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