Question

In: Biology

Why might the influenza vaccine be less effective than other vaccines?

Why might the influenza vaccine be less effective than other vaccines?

Solutions

Expert Solution

Antigenic shift: A major change in one or both of the surface antigens, a change that yields an antigen showing no serologic relationship with the antigen of the strains prevailing at the time is called antigenic shift. Antigenic shift has been demonstrated in type A influenza virus only.

Antigenic drift: Repeated minor antigenic changes, on the other hand, generate strains that retain a degree of serologic relationship with the currently prevailing strain. This is called antigenic drift. The epidemics are caused by influenza A virus undergoing antigenic variations due to antigenic drift resulting from mutations and selections. Antigenic drift variants occur very frequently, virtually every year. This is responsible for emergence of the strains that cause yearly influenza epidemics.

These antigenic shift and drift makes result in variation and evolution of serotype and subtypes of the influenza strain lowering the efficacy of the influenza vaccine.


Related Solutions

is email marketing less effective than other forms of advertising? why or why not?
is email marketing less effective than other forms of advertising? why or why not?
When a person gets an influenza vaccine, he or she is less likely to get sick...
When a person gets an influenza vaccine, he or she is less likely to get sick with the flu. This makes it less likely for that person to pass the flu to someone else. Suppose that the external benefit created by the influenza vaccination is equal to $100 per dose. (a) In a diagram, show the equilibrium in the influenza vaccine market. Also, show the quantity that would maximise social surplus. Is this equal to the perfectly competitive market equilibrium...
How is the vaccine produced (in less than 200 words)? And when was the vaccine first...
How is the vaccine produced (in less than 200 words)? And when was the vaccine first produced? When is the recommendation for the administration of the vaccine (for example: once in a person's life, usually at 6 months of age)? What is the "success rate" of the vaccine?
Consider the US market for vaccines. Vaccines prevent the consumer of the vaccine from getting viral...
Consider the US market for vaccines. Vaccines prevent the consumer of the vaccine from getting viral infections and also reduce the risk of other people getting infections. Construct a graph that describes the vaccine market in the US (numbers are not necessary). Make sure to label the axes and show the following elements: a. The private marginal cost (PMC) curve for vaccines b. The private marginal benefit (PMB) curve for vaccines c. The social marginal cost curve (SMC) for vaccines...
2.  Which vaccine is a toxoid? a. Influenza (Flu) vaccine. DTap (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis). Conjugate vaccine (Pneumococcal)....
2.  Which vaccine is a toxoid? a. Influenza (Flu) vaccine. DTap (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis). Conjugate vaccine (Pneumococcal). BCG vaccine. 3.What contributes to the diversity in the Influenza virus? a.Antigenic drift. b.Antigenic shift. c.Segmented RNA. d.All of the above. 4. Mutations that occur in the Influenza virus contribute to: a. Antigenic drift. Antigenic shift. c. Segmented RNA. d.All of the above. Exchange of genes between Influenza viruses contribute to: a. Antigenic drift. b.Antigenic shift. c.Segmented RNA. d.All of the above. Which is...
"Should Parents be Able to Refuse Vaccines for Their Children?" 1)Why can’t the parents refuse vaccine...
"Should Parents be Able to Refuse Vaccines for Their Children?" 1)Why can’t the parents refuse vaccine for their child? 2) What are the bases for giving your child a vaccine? 3) What benefits does a vaccine have for your child?
A medical laboratory develops two different vaccines, Vaccine A and Vaccine B, both designed to provide...
A medical laboratory develops two different vaccines, Vaccine A and Vaccine B, both designed to provide immunity to a particular virus. (A person is immune if he/she does not get sick when exposed to the virus.) Scientists at the lab suspect that Vaccine A is more effective than Vaccine B. This means that p1 > p2 , where • p1 = proportion of all persons who take Vaccine A who subsequently become immune• p2 = proportion of all persons who...
Why might you want to look at a path other than the courts? In negotiation and...
Why might you want to look at a path other than the courts? In negotiation and mediation a middle ground is attempted to be found. Arbitration is more like private court with both parties pleading the case before a neutral third party. Please explain which form you would want to use in each dispute listed below and why. 1. Contract dispute between 2 parties. 2. Insurance claim between one person and their insurance company. 3. Insurance claim between you and...
Why is preventive maintenance in general is more effective than other types of maintenance strategies?
Why is preventive maintenance in general is more effective than other types of maintenance strategies?
WoldCom scandal. Discuss the following: Why might the WorldCom fraud seem less egregious than Enron? Why,...
WoldCom scandal. Discuss the following: Why might the WorldCom fraud seem less egregious than Enron? Why, according to a telecon executive from the South, was WorldCom able to grow so quickly? What was the basic strategy of the nine investors who later became WorldCom at the beginning of their business? What was Ebbers’ acquisition formula? What were some of the factors that led to a decrease in WorldCom’s growth? What are some reasons why WorldCom might have been less able...
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT