Question

E. What is transcription and what are the product produced during transcription?

F. What part of the cell DNA replication occurs?

G. Add an image of the replication process.

H. Explain each step involved in transcription.   

1. Who is the middleman?

2. What are the enzymes involved in transcription?

3. What is the codon?

4. What part of the cell transcription occurs?

5. Add an image of the transcription process.

I. Explain each step involved in translations.

1. What are the main players in translations?

2. What is the start and stop codons?

3. What is an anticodon and where it located?

4. What part of the cell translation occurs?

5. What is the final product?

6. Include an image of the translation process.

Answer 1

Question E.

Transcription is a process in which the information contained in a DNA strand is copied into a new molecule called messenger RNA. During the process of transcription, an mRNA is synthesized from the template strand (3' to 5' strand of the double stranded DNA) by an enzyme RNA polymerase. The product of transcription process is the RNA.

Question F.

The DNA replication is a process which occur during the cell division in which the two identical copies of the DNA molecule is produced. The replication of DNA occur in the nucleus of the eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm of the prokaryotes.

Question G.

The DNA replication is a process which occur during the cell division in which the two identical copies of the DNA molecule is produced. Each of the DNA strand serves as the template for the synthesis of the complementary strands. Thus, in the newly formed double stranded DNA, one strand will be new and the other strand is the parent strand. Hence, the DNA replication process is considered as semi-conservative. The following is the figure showing the process of replication.

Question H.

Transcription is a process in which mRNA is synthesized from a DNA strand. The three basic steps involved in the transcription process are initiation, elongation and termination.

Initiation: The transcription process is carried out by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Transcription factors re proteins which help the RNA polymerase for its function. The enzyme along with transcription factors bind to the promoter region of the template DNA. Promoter is a specific stretch of nucleotides in the DNA where the transcription process is initiated. The RNA polymerase separates the DNA double strands and produce transcription bubble. The RNA synthesis takes place within the transcription bubble. The RNA polymerase enzyme add complementary ribonucleotides corresponding to the DNA template.

Elongation: It is the step in transcription where the elongation of the new RNA strand occur. The enzyme RNA polymerase moves along the template DNA strand and synthesize the RNA strand. The RNA polymerase enzyme add complementary ribonucleotides to the free 3' OH group of the previously added ribonucleotide.

Termination: It is the stage at which the transcription of the DNA is terminated. Here, the hydrogen bonds holding the DNA and RNA breaks and releases the newly synthesized RNA strand.