Question

(1) From the aspects of biological origin and evolution, substance recycle and degradation of pollutants, discuss the main contributions of microorganisms.

(2) Please list the existing problems about the three biological nitrogen removal processes which are traditional nitrification and denitrification, shortcut nitrification and denitrification, and anammox, and then discuss the methods to enhance biological nitrogen removal from wastewater.

Answer 1

ANSWER :-

1.) From the aspect of biological origin and evolution, and substance recycle and degradation of pollutants, micro-organisms plays an vital role. Micro-organisms are the organism of biological origin and the are the species of evolution and important in the substance cycle and the most importantly they play a key role in degradation of pollutants. The process of removal of contaminants by the bacteria is known as the biodegradation. The micro-organisms decompose dead organic wastes of plants and animals converting into simple substances. Several micro-organisms including fungi, bacteria and yeasts are involved in biodegradation process.

Another important thing to know is the bioremediation, in which the micro-organisms taken to clean up the pollutants from the environment, they can be either genetically engineered or or can be taken naturally who love the way the contaminants. In this process , the micro-organisms which is been taken should be identified in they way they evolved, the origin , the cycle in which it help in the environment etc. So, in this way the micro-organisms contribute alot in biodegradation and bioremediation.

2.) The existing problemsa about the there biological nitrogen removal process is like the operational problem. The Biological Nitrogen Removal ( BNR) perform under the three process like nitrification and denitrification, shortcut nitrification and denitrification , and anamox, the problem comes is these processes are the operational problems. The design of industrial BNR processes should start by analysing three key parameters : the wastewater load, the determination of the max toxin removal rate and the detection of toxic. So, the problems arise in setting up of these parameters during the Operation of biology nitrogen removal of waster water.

The enhancement of biological removal in waste water is achieved by sequential nitrification under aerobic conditions and denitrification under anoxic conditions. During the process of nitrification, ammonium is oxidized to nitrite by the bacteria known as ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and then to nitrate by nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). During the process of denitrification, nitrite or nitrate is denitrified to nitrogen gas with the organic carbon as the electron donor.