Question

Explain/Breakdown the Chemotaxis response mechanism and their role in flagella movement and regulation. Bacterial Motility(Motor) Kit Please provide an in depth answer in its simplest form for easy understanding. Thank you

Answer 1

Chemotaxis is the movement of an organism in r0esponse to a chemical stimulus. Somatic cells, bacteria, and other single-cell or multicellular organisms direct their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment. This is important for bacteria to find food by swimming toward the highest concentration of food molecules, or to feel from poisons

Chemical gradient bacteria will chemo tax, or direct their overall motion based on the gradient. If the bacterium senses that it is moving in the correct direction (toward attractant/away from repellent), it will keep swimming in a straight line for a longer time before tumbling; however, if it moving in the wrong direction, it will tumble sooner and try a new direction at random. E.g. E. coli use temporal sensing to decide whether their situation is improving or not, and in this way, find the location with the highest concentration of attractant even under very high concentrations,

Chemo attractants and chemo repellents are inorganic or organic substances possessing chemotaxis-inducer effect in motile cells. These chemotactic ligands create chemical concentration gradients that organisms move toward or away from them.

The mechanism of chemotaxis cell employ is quite different from that in bacteria, however, sensing of chemical gradients is still a crucial step in the process

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are capable of chemotactic memory. In prokaryotes, mechanism involves the methylation of receptors called methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs). Resulting their desensitization and allows prokaryotes to remember and adapt to a chemical gradient.

Motility in bacterial chemotaxis, the mechanism by which eukaryotic cells physically move is unclear. These appear to be mechanisms by which an external chemotactic gradient is sensed and turned into an intracellular PIP3 gradient, which resulting a gradient and the activation of a signaling pathway, culminating in the polymerization of actin filaments. The growing distal end of actin filaments develops connections with the internal surface of the plasma membrane via different sets of peptides and results in the formation of anterior pseudopods and posterior uropod. Cilia of eukaryotic cells also produce chemotaxis.