why is gene regulation important for bacterial
cells
what is the difference between positive and negative
control. What is the difference between inducible and repressible
operons
11. The lacZ gene, responsible for lactose metabolism is an
inducible gene regulated by a repressor protein. Answer the
following questions regarding how this gene is regulated (3 pts
each) a. What is the default setting in reference to the expression
of lacZ? b. What role does lacI play in regulating the system? c.
What happens when the system is exposed to lactose? d. What happens
after the cell digests the lactose supply
Explain whether the results on the effect of lactose
reflect an adaptive mechanism of gene regulation. Does it make
biological sense for lactose to have this effect? Why? Is it
adaptive for glucose to alter the ability of lactose to induce the
enzymes needed for lactose breakdown? Explain.
What is the role of lac repressor molecule in bacterial gene
regulation? Explain.
Explain the term disruptive selection in evolution giving a
suitable example.
What are sister chromatids? Which protein hold them together
during cell division? What is the phenomenon of
nondisjunction?
What are the functions of topoisomerases and DNA polymerases in
DNA replication?
What are photosystems ? Where exactly the splitting of water
and generation of oxygen occur during light dependent reaction of
photosynthesis?
Bacterial operons & regulating metabolic
pathways
Two kinds of control: enzyme regulation vs. gene regulation.
Why?
trp operon. How does the presence of tryptophan prevent the
synthesis of more tryptophan (2 different ways)?
lac operon. Compare & contrast with trp.
Why are operons for catabolic and anabolic pathways regulated
differently?
Positive vs. negative gene regulation. Why would both be used
for the same operon?
AraC mechanism. Is AraC an inducer or a repressor?
1. Please describe negative control in terms of transcriptional
regulation of gene expression?
2. Please explain the regulation of Trp operon when Trp-tRNA is
available in the cell?
3. What are the classes of Transcription factors based on their
regulatory responsibilities? Please explain if this distinction is
absolute or not?
4. Please explain the mitochondrial protein synthesis by indicating
the mitochondrial protein synthesis apparatus, the mitochondrial
genetic code and so on?
5. Please explain the two hybrid assay?
5. Please...
Make a diagram to explain how a human gene can be cloned into a
bacterial plasmid.
You should represent the events that need to occur in order to:
Clone the insulin gene into a bacterial plasmid, Transform the
plasmid into E. coli
Include definitions or descriptions of the following
terms/components:
Restriction enzyme(s)
Ligase
Plasmid DNA
Human mRNA (the mRNA for insulin)
Reverse transcriptase
Transformation
E. coli marker genes (an antibiotic resistance gene)
Cloning vector