Question

1. Which receptors have a narrow temperature range in which a tonic response is invoked? Which receptors have a broader range?

2. What are transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels? What do they do? What does the phrase ‘firing threshold’ mean?

3. Which parts of the brain are involved in cooling the body? Which parts are involved in warming the body? Be specific as to which segments of the particular brain structure is affected.

Answer 1

1. Tonic in physiology response is slow and may be degraded ,which is an opposition to the fast response .Heat receptors and cold receptors . Hot recpetors have the broader range in response to tonic receptors and cold receptors have a narrow range .

2. The tarnsiet recptor potential ion channles are a group of the ion channels ,that serve as a cellular response for wide spectrum of physical and chemichal stimuli ,They respond with equisite sensitivity to fundamental cell signaling such as the PIP2 , ca 2+, cyclic nulceotides , phosphrylation potential ,temperature ,osmotic pressure .Activation of the TRP changes membrane potential translocate the important signalling ions across cell memberane translocate the imporatant signalling ions across exocytosis and endocytosis .

firing threshold ;

The action potential in neuron is the point of depolarization at which neurons fire ,transforming theinformation to one another .a neuron transmits the information via electrical impulses sent through its axon .when a neuron is in inactive state ,most of the positve ions are lie outside the axon than within it ,upon stimulation axon membrane admits more sodium ,rendiring more positive ,whenneuron reaches the certain point of the depolarisation know as thethreshold of the actionpotential

3. the body part which involved in the cooling the body is the hypoythlamus of the brain and skin is involved in the cooling thebody temperature .Hypothalamus is involved in the thermoregulation ,sweating and vasodialation are the two types of the regulation by the body