Question

Weight reduction is an important goal for the management of type-2 diabetes (T2D) among overweight patients. A 2016 study evaluated the effect of oat intake (a cereal grain) for overweight T2D patients. A total of 298 overweight T2D subjects were randomly assigned to follow one of four dietary guidelines for 30 days, as shown in the diagram below. The two “oats” groups ate the same healthy diet as the “diet” group, but some of their daily food intake had to be a given amount of oats. Weight loss at the end of these 30 days was assessed (in kg) for each participant.

Q1

Which of the following inference procedures should be used to compare the effect of such diets on weight loss in this population?

a.) ANOVA for several means

b.) chi-square for two-way tables

c.) two sample t procedure for two means

d.) one sample or matched-pairs t procedure for a mean

e.) z procedure for a proportion

Q2

(please write very clear and detail)

The test statistic and P-value for the corresponding hypothesis test are 1.62 and 0.1854. Assuming for now that the conditions are met, use this information to conclude in context. Be sure to be very specific.

[This question will be graded manually]

Q3

Answer 1

Answers:

Comparing two groups i.e. oats group and diet group. for weight loss purposes.

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Ans Q1) Here we use the two-sample t-test.

a) ANOVA for several means

The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to determine whether there are any statistically significant differences between the means of two or more independent (unrelated) groups (although you tend to only see it used when there is a minimum of three, rather than two groups).

b) Two-way chi-square tests

Two-way chi-square tests (also known as chi-square tests of independence) compare observed frequencies against expected frequencies using data from two categorical variables.

c)  two-sample t procedure for two means

It is applied to compare whether the average difference between the two groups is really significant or if it is due instead to random chance.

d) one sample or matched-pairs t procedure for a mean

The purpose of the test is to determine whether there is statistical evidence that the mean difference between paired observations on a particular outcome is significantly different from zero.

e)  z procedure for a proportion

A two proportion z-test allows you to compare two proportions to see if they are the same.

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Ans Q2)

Here the test statistic = 1.62

p-value = 0.1854

Here the p-value 0.1854 which is greater than level of significance 0.05 which means our null hypothesis is accepted which means Oates group and diet groups are statistically insignificant.

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