Question

1. Explain type 2 Diabetes
2. Provide the reason type 2 diabetes is an important topic in nursing.
3. Identify your target population (who will you be teaching and why?
4. what should the learner achieve about type 2 diabetes ?
5. Please include in text citations and APA References of your sources

Answer 1

Diabetes Mellitus

Is a chronic multi-system disease related to abnormal insulin production, impaired insulin utilization or both. In United States and estimated 25.8 million (8.3% of population) have diabetes and 79 million people are in pre-diabetic stag

Etiology and pathophysiology

Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Formerly known as adult onset diabetes or Non-Insulin Dependant Diabetes Mellitus(NIDDM). It is the most prevalent type 90-95% of Diabetes patients suffer from Type II

In Type II, the pancreas usually produce some endogenous (self made) insulin. However, the insulin that is produced is either insufficient for the body or is poorly used by the tissues or both. The presence of endogenous insulin is the major distinction between Type I and Type II

Factors contributing to Type II DM
The major risk factor is obesity- abdominal and visceral adiposity

Four major metabolic abnormalities predisposes a person to Type II DM

1. Insulin resistence: body tissues do not respond to action of insulin due to unresponsive,insufficient number of insulin receptors or presence of both. Most insulin receptors are located in skeletal, fat and liver cells.. When insulin is not properly used , entrance of glucose into the cells is impeded, resulting in Hyperglycemia ( elevated blood glucose level)

2. Marked decrease in ability of pancreas to produce insulin, as compensatory overproduction of insulin or b cell mass are lost

3. Inappropriate glucose production by liver

4. Altered production of hormones and cytokines by adipose tissue

Clinical Manifestations

Associated with classical symptoms: polyphagia,polydipsia and polyuria some of the common feature of Type II includes:

Fatigue

Recurrent infection

Recurrent vaginal, yeast or candid infections

Prolonged wound healing and visual changes

Answer to second question

Individuals with Metabolic syndrome should be the target population for health teaching

They are at high risk for development of Type II DM, which has 5 components described below:

1. Increased blood glucose level
2. Abdominal Obesity
3. Elevated BP
4. High level of triglycerides
5. Low level of High Density Lipoprotein

Goals acheived by the leaner includes the following:

They can take action to prevent or delay the occurrence of Type II DM

Frequent testing and regualr monitoring of glucose and HbA1 C

Monitoring symptoms of Diabetes- polphagia, polydipsia and polyuria

Maintaining healthy weight, regular exercise and following healthy diet

References:

American Diabetes Association: Total prevalence of Diabetes and pre-diabetes. Retried from www.diabetes.org

Lewis S, Butcher A: Text book of medical surgiclal Nursing ;9th edition, Elsiever publications,2014