Question

• Nitroprusside: Core Drug Knowledge: indications/uses
• Sustained or Time released medications: nursing interventions
• ACE inhibitors (Captopril): Core Drug Knowledge: adverse effects
• ARB (Losartan): Core Drug Knowledge & Core Patient Variable: adverse effect, pregnancy category
• Renin Inhibitor (Aliskiren): Core Drug Knowledge: adverse effects, nursing interventions

Answer 1

Nitroprusside cause vasodilation by relaxing the muscles in blood vessels.

It is used to treat congestive heart failure and severe hypertension.During a surgery to keep the blood pressure low nitroprusside is administered

Sustained time released tablets mustn't be crushed to swallow it easily,neither they should be chewed as they are coated with the material so that they are released slowly and available throughout the day.

Captopril is an ACE inhibitor.It causes relaxation of the blood vessels.
Uses of captopril are following:-
1.Hypertension treatment
2.Heart failure treatment
3 Diabetic nephropathy prevention

Side effects of captopril include:
hypersensitivity reactions
rash
distorted sense of taste
itching
chest pain
palpitations
protein in urine
dry, persistent cough
nausea
vomiting

Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. It doesn't allow blood vessels to narrow.
It is used to treat hypertension.

Losartan helps in slowing long-term kidney damage in people who are having type 2 diabetes mellitus and who also have hypertension.
Side effects of losartan are:-
chest pain
diarrhea
fatigue
hypoglycemia
hyperkalemia
hypotension
orthostatic hypotension

Category D drug so if pregnancy occurs this drug should be discontinued.

Aliskiren is a direct renin inhibitor.It helps in relaxation of blood vessels.It is used to treat hypertension.

Dizziness, lightheadedness, cough, diarrhea are the side effects which may occur.

All the therapeutic interventions that causes the vasodilation must be avoided.The intervention along with the drug additively may cause a very sharp fall in blood pressure.