Question

Diabetes mellitus occurs with hyposecretion of insulin or hypoactivity of insulin.

Define polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia.
Explain why these symptoms occur with diabetes mellitus.

Answer 1

Diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus occurs when the level of glucose in the blood becomes higher than normal. There are two main types of diabetes. These are called type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.

Type 1:-This type usually develops quite quickly, over days or weeks, as the pancreas stops making insulin.

Type 2:-This is more common in people who are overweight or obese. It develops gradually with time it is because people with type 2 diabetes still make insulin (unlike type 1 diabetes). However, people with type 2 diabetes do not make enough insulin for the body's needs, or the body is not able to use insulin properly.so it is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Both resulting in increased glucose called as hyperglycemia.Symptoms of marked hyperglycemia include polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, sometimes with polyphagia, and blurred vision.

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Polyuria is a condition or disorder when an individual passes more than 3 litres of urine in a 24-hour period. Polyuria is more common with diabetics especially Type 1 diabetics and poorly controlled Type 2 diabetics too.The most common cause of polyuria is uncontrolled diabetes mellitus resulting in osmotic diuresis, when glucose levels are so high that glucose is excreted in the urine. Water follows the glucose concentration passively, leading to abnormally high urine output.

Polydipsia

Polydipsia or increased thirst is due to high blood glucose that increases the osmolarity of blood and makes it more concentrated.When blood glucose levels are high, the body will try to pass glucose out of the blood through the urine and this will result in passing out more urine than normal . consequently because of this the body will need to take in more water to replace the water passed out in urine and therefore we feel the signs of thirst.

Polyphagia

Polyphagia is a condition characterized by excessive hunger and an increase in appetite.Diabetes affects the body’s ability to use and produce glucose, or blood sugar. Glucose is necessary for cells in the body to perform their functions . When blood glucose is low, a person may begin to feel hungry.