In: Accounting
Flexible Budgeting and Variance Analysis
I Love My Chocolate Company makes dark chocolate and light chocolate. Both products require cocoa and sugar. The following planning information has been made available:
Standard Amount per Case | ||||||
Dark Chocolate | Light Chocolate | Standard Price per Pound | ||||
Cocoa | 10 lb. | 7 lb. | $4.4 | |||
Sugar | 8 lb. | 12 lb. | 0.6 | |||
Standard labor time | 0.3 hr. | 0.4 hr. |
Dark Chocolate | Light Chocolate | |||
Planned production | 5,100 cases | 13,800 cases | ||
Standard labor rate | $15.5 per hr. | $15.5 per hr. |
I Love My Chocolate does not expect there to be any beginning or ending inventories of cocoa or sugar. At the end of the budget year, I Love My Chocolate Company had the following actual results:
Dark Chocolate | Light Chocolate | |||
Actual production (cases) | 4,800 | 14,400 | ||
Actual Price per Pound | Actual Pounds Purchased and Used | |||
Cocoa | $4.5 | 149,500 | ||
Sugar | 0.55 | 205,900 | ||
Actual Labor Rate | Actual Labor Hours Used | |||
Dark chocolate | $15 per hr. | 1,310 | ||
Light chocolate | 16 per hr. | 5,900 |
Required:
Prepare the following variance analyses for both chocolates and total, based on the actual results and production levels at the end of the budget year:
Enter a favorable variance as a negative number using a minus sign and an unfavorable variance as a positive number. If there is no variance, enter a zero.
a. | Direct materials price variance | $ |
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Direct materials quantity variance | $ |
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Total direct materials The difference between actual cost and the flexible budget at actual volumes.cost variance | $ |
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b. | Direct labor rate variance | $ |
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Direct labor time variance | $ |
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Total direct labor cost variance | $ |
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2. The variance analyses should be based on the
Ans:-
a) Direct Material Variances
Direct Material Price Variance = (Standard price per unit - Actual price per unit) Actual Quantity
Direct Material price variance of Cocoa = (4.4 - 4.5) 149500
= - $14950
Direct Material price variance of Sugar = ( 0.6 - 0.55 ) 205900
= $10295
Direct MaterialPrice Variance = (-14950 + 10295) = - $4655
So Direct material Price variance is unfavourable = $4,655
Direct Material Quantity Variance = ( Standard Quantity - Actual Quantity) Standard price
Direct Material Quantity Variance of Cocoa= ( ( 4800*10 + 14400*7) - 149950) 4.4
= - $3080
Direct Material Quantity Variance of Sugar = ((4800*8 + 14400*12) - 205900) 0.6
= $3180
Direct Material Quantity Variance = (-3080 + 3180) =$100
So Direct material Quantity variance is favourable = -$ 100
Total Direct Material Variance = Budgeted Cost at Actual Volume - Actual Cost
=((4800*10 + 14400*7) 4.4 + (4800*8 + 14400*12) 0.6) - ( 149500*4.5 + 205900*0.55)
= -$4555
So Total Direct Material Variance is unfavourable = $4,555
b) Direct Labour Variance
Labour rate variance = ( Standard rate per hour - Actual rate per hour) Actual hour worked
Labour rate variance of Dark Choclate = (15.5 - 15 ) 1310
= $655
Labour rate variance of Light Choclate = (15.5 - 16 ) 5900
= - $2950
Labour Rate Variance = (605 - 2950) = -$2295
So Labour Rate Variance is unfavourable =-$2295
Labour Time Variance = ( Standard time - Actual time) Standard rate
Labour Time Varianceof Dark Chocolate =((4800*.3)-1310)* 15.5
= $2015
Labour Time Varianceof Light Chocolate = ((14400*.4) - 5900) 15.5
= -$2170
So Labour time Variance is unfavourable = $155
Total Labour Variance = Budgeted Cost at Actual Volume - Actual Cost
=((4800*.3*15.5) +(14400*.4*15.5)) - ( (1310*15) + (5900*16))
=-$2450
So Total Labour Variance is unfavourable = $2450