Please explain allopatric and non-allopatric (sympatic, parapatric, chromosomal) speciation.

Expert Solution

Allopatric speciation -

It is the genetic divergence permitted by geographic isolation. This process depends on random mutation, which accumulates after the population is divided due to geographic barriers. The two sub populations are then reproductively isolated, each populations grows in different mutations and the two populations diverge.

When the two isolating populations come together, forms hybrids. If the hybrids are normal and viable and can freely interbreed with individuals of each parent population, then no speciation has taken place

Sympatric speciation -

It doesnot require geographic isolation instead relies on reproductive isloation due to competition for resources, disruptive selection and sexual selection. In sympatric speciation, selection enhances traits that promote the divergence of the population.\

Parapatric speciation -

It is a form of speciation in which the evolution of reproductive isolating mechanisms occurs wen a population enters a new niche or habitat within the range of parent species. In this, divergence happens because of reduced gene flow within te population and varying selection pressures across the population's range

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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