Question

What is the key difference between parapatric and sympratic speciation? In circumstances where a genus forms two genetically distinct populations with one living in a tree and another living in a bush, which kind of speciation is being exhibited?

Answer 1

SCPACIATION IS DIVIDED IN TO FOUR TYPES :

1.ALLOPATRIC SPECIATION

2.PERIPATRIC SPECIATION

3.SYMPATRIC SPECIATION

4.PARAPATRIC SPECIATION.

ALLOPATRIC AND PERIPATRIC SPECIATION REQUIRES A GEOGRAPHICAL ISOLATION FOR THE SPECIATION TO OCCUR . SYMPATRIC AND PARAPATRIC SPECIATION DONOT REQUIRE A GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION FOR SPECIATION TO OCCUR.

SYMPATRIC SPECIATION: IN A LARGE POPULATION OF A SPECIES THERE MAY OCCUR A CHANGE IN THE GENETIC CONSTITUTION AMONG SOME OF ITS MEMBERS. THIS CHANGE IN THE GENETIC CONSTITUTION WILL LEADS TO ALTERED BEHAVIOUR OR PREFENRENCES COMPARED TO OTHER MEMBERS OF THE POPULATION.THESE MEMBERS OVER THE YEARS BECOME REPRODUCTIVELY ISOLATED AND BECOMES A NEW SPECIES.

PARAPATRIC SPECIATION: PARAPATRIC SPECIATION IS ALMOST SIMILAR TO THE SYMPATRIC SPECIATION BUT THE EVOLUTION OF THE NEW SPECIES OCCURS IN A SPERATE NICHE. CONSIDER A SPECIES LIVING IN A LARGE WATER BODY . THE BOUDERIES OF THE WATER BODY BECOME POLLUTED DUE TO THE THROWING OF GARBAGES. SO THE BOUNDARIES BECOME POLLUTED THE MEMBERS LIVING NEAR THE BOUDARIES WILL DEVELOP NEW CHANGES IN ITS BEHAVIOUR TO ADJUST WITH THE POLLUTED ENVIRONMENT. WHILE THE MEMBERS LIVING IN THE UNPOLLUTED REGION IS UNAFFECTED .

IT SLOWLY LEADS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW SPECIES.

THE KEY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SYMPATRIC SPECIATION AND PARAPATRIC SPECIATION IS THAT IN PARAPATRIC SPECIATION , SPECIATION OCCURS IN SEPERATE NICHE WHILE IN SYMPATRIC SPECIATION IT OCCURS IN THE SAME NICHE DUE TO GENETIC CHANGES.

IF A GENUS FORMS TWO POPULATIONS ONE LIVING IN TREE AND ANOTHER LIVING IN BUSH   PARAPATRIC SPECIATION IS EXHIBITED . TREE AND BUSH ARE TWO SEPERATE NICHE. MEMBERS LIVING IN TREE AND BUSH PORDUCE DIFFRENT BHAVIOURS AND PREFERENCES FAVOURABLE TO THEIR NICHE.