Question

Sketch, photograph, and submit the schemes and submit the schemes of
(1) chromosomal non-disjunction in a meiosis and (2) fertilization
that would lead to the birth of a child with following genotypes;
indicate all involved genes and chromosomes in parents and the child
a. A Turner syndrome girl with hemophilia
b. A Klinefelter syndrome boy who is heterozygous for color-blindness 2. Respond to 2 of your peers' original posts by commenting on
accuracy and clarity, or suggest edits if you believe they are
needed.

Punnett Squares required

Answer 1

In human MALES, if nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes occurs in meiosis I aneuploid gametes are produced. If these aneuploid gametes are used to fertilize a normal egg the progeny will be either be Klinefelter syndrome males, or Turner syndrome females.

a. Turner syndrome is caused by a missing X chromosome or a missing part of one of the X chromosomes that affect physical sex development, height, and other characteristics.Turner syndrome (XO) is an example of which monosomy X means absence of an entire sex chromosome.

Hemophilia A is an X-linked disorder that has clinical presentation in males, and female carriers are generally asymptomatic or have moderate menorrhagia. When a patient with hemophilia A gets married with a carrier of hemophilia, they may have homozygote hemophilic girl. If the female is carrying the Hemophilia gene. So, one of her two X-chromosomes is defective. Turner's Syndrome affects only females as it is caused by the absence of two complete copies of the X-chromosome. For the female offspring to be a Hemophiliac, her father must compulsorily be also a Hemophiliac. So, we can safely deduce that 50% of the female offspring have the possibility of being affected with hemophilia, which would depend on which of the two X-chromosomes it inherits from it's mother, the Turner's Syndrome issue notwithstanding. Now, when Turner's Syndrome is caused by cells having only one X-chromosome, it one X-chromosome that it doesn't receive is mostly caused by a meiotic error leading to non-disjunction in the father. So, the one intact X-chromosome that the offspring does receive is compulsorily from the mother. If that one inherited X-chromosome has the Hemophilia gene, it will be expressed in the offspring. So, again, we can deduce that the female offspring has a 50% chance of being a Hemophiliac, even if she does suffer from Turner's Syndrome in this case.

b. Klinefelter's syndrome (XXY) is an example of chromosomal aneuploidy

Chromosomal aneuploid

Chromosomal aneuploid is a genetic condition in which an individual has either an abnormal number of one or more chromosomes, or has pieces of chromosomes lacking or in excess.

Klinefelter's syndrome

Klinefelter's syndrome, XXY males, can occur due to nondisjunction of X chromosomes during prophase of meiosis I in females. One of the eggs from such a meiosis could receive both X chromosomes, and the other would receive no X chromosomes. If these eggs are subsequently fertilized with normal sperm, various sex chromosome aneuploidies could occur: XXY - sterile male who may have some female body characteristics, and in some cases increased learning hurdles. Any genetically usual guy which has XY can't be heterozygous for for color-blindness deficiency as it is often continued the X chromosome. However, when the man boasts Klinefelter's malady meaning they have XXY it's feasible. XXX - There are no real stigmata connected with this syndrome. Women with triple X usually are fertile. XO - sterile female with short stature, with low mental ability, failure to undergo puberty (Turner's syndrome). YO - Non-viable; genes on X chromosome required for development and survival. Nondisjunction during sperm production can also result in aneuploidy of sex chromosomes. Red-green color-blindness is an X-linked recessive disorder. If a young man with a 47,XXY karyotype (Klinefelter syndrome) is color-blind. His 46,XY brother also is color-blind. Both parents have normal color vision. Because the father has normal color vision, the mother must be the carrier for color-blindness. The color-blind young man with Klinefelter syndrome must have inherited two copies of the color-blind X chromosome from his mother. The nondisjunction event therefore most likely took place in meiosis II of the egg.

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