a) The fundamental driving forces behind Corporate Social
Responsibility of any organization are as follows:
- Sustainability: Every company is striving hard for making its
business sustainable. The CSR activities and interventions of the
organization will facilitate the long term sustainability quotient
of the business.
- Knowledge and Awareness: The overall knowledge and awareness
level of both consumers and employees is enhancing. The employers
are also becoming aware about the importance of giving back to the
society. Hence they are getting inclined to CSR interventions.
- Globalization: Globalization has enhanced the overall
visibility as well as viability of business. The companies are
having coverage across the globe. The wealth creation rate of the
companies has also increased. In such a scenario, companies feel
responsible for the society and environment and hence get aligned
with CSR.
- Consumer Expectations and Brand value: With the advent of
technology, consumers have become more aware. Also the transparency
in business processes has enhanced. In such a scenario, consumers
value companies who are socially responsive. Customers like to be
associated with such moral companies. Hence the companies are
getting attracted to CSR interventions to increase their brand
value.
b) The 2 primary types of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR),
are as follows:
- Philanthropic responsibility: The focus of this CSR is doing
good to overall society and humanity. The companies come up with
ways in which the development and upliftment of overall society can
be facilitated. There are donations and efforts put to facilitate
the same. The organizations come up with interventions for
facilitating the education of girl child, orphans or to support the
employment of the disabled. These are some of the activities
conducted under philanthropic responsibility of CSR. Microsoft has
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to support its philanthropic
interventions.
- Environmental responsibility: The companies are become aware as
well as conscious about the damages done to the environment by
their business. The carbon footprint of supply chain of various
global companies can be quite detrimental for the ecological
balance of the environment. Hence the companies are coming up with
interventions to retain the ecological balance and to mend the
damages done to the environment. Such interventions can be about
planting more trees as well as processing the organization’s waste
before discharging in the environment. Companies like Zappos and
Tesla Motors are striving hard to reduce their carbon footprint to
a minimum.
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