Question

During a Structure and Solubility experiment how do you distinguish between the following:

a.) butane and 2-chlorobutane

b.)butane and 1-butanol

c.)1-butanol and 2-butanol

d.)1-butanol and butanoic acid

Answer 1

a.) butane and 2-chlorobutane : solubility of 2-chlorobutane is higher than butane in water. due to less polarity of 2-chlorobutane. but butane is purely non polar which is insoluble in water.so that it is possible to distinguish both.

b.)butane and 1-butanol : solubility of 1-butanol is higher than butane in water. due to formation of hydrogen bonds between 1-butanol and water. but butane is purely non polar which can not form hydrogen bonds.so that insoluble in water.so that it is possible to distinguish both.

c.)1-butanol and 2-butanol : solubility of 1-butanol is higher than 2-butanol in water. due to formation of hydrogen bonds between 1-butanol and water. but 2-butanol can not form strong hydrogen bonds.so that it is partially soluble in water.so that it is possible to distinguish both.

d.)1-butanol and butanoic acid : solubility of butanoic acid is higher than 1-butanol in water. due to formation of hydrogen bonds between butanoic acid and water. but 1-butanol can not form strong hydrogen bonds compared to butanoic acid .so that it is less soluble in water.so that it is possible to distinguish both.