Question

Distinguish between the structure of a prokaryotic cell and that of a eukaryotic cell.

Answer 1

In simpler terms, prokaryotic cells are those which lack a definite we organized nucleus and other cellular organelles. Whereas, eukaryotic cells are more advanced than the prokaryotic cells as they contain a well-organized nucleus and other cellular organelles.

A comparative table distinguishing the structures is given below----

Property	Prokaryotic cell	Eukaryotic cell
Cell membrane- every living cell on earth contains a cell membrane which surrounds the cytoplasm and provide a definite shape and size to the cell.	Present. Made up of phospholipid bilayers.	Present. Made up of phospholipid bilayers.
Genetic material organization	here, membrane-bound nucleus is absent. The genetic material is aggregated in a region which is known as the nucleoid.	Membrane-bound well-organized nucleus is present.
Mitochondria-- known as the powerhouse of a cell. It is involved in the respiration.	Absent	present
Chloroplast-- involved in the photosynthesis.	Absent	present
Flagella- serves in the locomotion of the cell	generally submicroscopic in size and composed of one protein fibre.	Microscopic, 20 microtubules are arranged in 9+2 pattern
Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies--- involved in protein transport, sorting etc.	Absent	present
Ribosome-- known as the site of protein synthesis.	Present. Their ribosome is of 70s type.	Present, their ribosome is of 80s type.