Question

Describe the functions of the common structures of bacteria and archaea and describe distinguishing characteristics between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria?

Answer 1

Question

1. The function of the common structure of bacteria and Archaea are following :

I. Cell wall: provide protection to both bacteria and Archaea.

II. Cell membrane : barrier to cross molecules inside the cell.

III. Flagella: these are the whip-like structures which allow the movement of the cell.

IV. Ribosome: both function in the synthesis of protein that is required to perform cellular function.

V. Nucleoid region: it is the specific area in both archea and bacteria where cell have DNA, RNA and proteins required for DNA replication and transcription.

2. Distinguishing features between gram positive and gram negative bacteria are :

I. Gram -positive bacteria have thick peptidoglycan layer whereas gram -negative bacteria have thin peptidoglycan layer.

II. Gram negative bacteria have outer membrane of lipopolysacchrides but gram positive bacteria do not have lipopolysacchride layer.

III. Techioic acid are present in the gram positive cell wall but not in gram negative bacteria.