Question

Are mitochondria and chloroplasts more closely related to bacteria than they are to archaea and eukaryotes? explain.

Answer 1

According to the Endosymbiotic theory developed by Lynn Margulis these mitochondria and chloroplast are type of primtive bacteria formed due to endocytosis of aerobic and photosynthetic bacteria.

SIMILARTIES BETWEEN CHLOROPLAST AND MITOCHONDRIA WITH BACTERIA

GENETIC MATERIAL(DNA)

Chloroplast and mitochondria both have single stranded circular DNA as genetic material which is very similar to genome of the prokaryotic cell (bacteria).

In case the of eukaryotes, they have multilineared chromosomes which are present inside the nucleous same in archeal cells,contain eukaryotic cell like similar enzymes for replication.

RIBOSOMES

Both organelles have "70S" ribosomes which clearly shows similarity to the prokaryotic cell having the same "70S" but eukaryotes have "80S" ribosomes.

REPLICATION

Binary fission is the most common way of replication in both chloroplast and mitochondria which obviously one of reason of origin from prokaryotic cell as they undergo binary fission to split one celll into 2 daughter cells while in eukaroyotes have mitosis or meiosis phenomenon for cell division .

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

The electron transport chain is present around plasma membrane of both mitochondria and chloroplast as in case plasma membrane prokarotic cell.

In eukaryotes, it is not there as mitochondria, are the type of organelles present inside the animal and chloroplast inside plant cells.