Question

root cause analysis of  pressure ulcer. identify the factors involved that is; the system, equipment, material ,management, etc

Answer 1

Pressure ulcers also known as pressure sores or bed sores are localized damage to the skin and/or underlying tissue that usually occur over a bony prominence as a result of usually long term pressure ,or pressure with combination with shear or friction .

Common sites of pressure ulcers:

Tailbone or buttocks

Spine orShoulder blades

Back of arms or legs

Skin behind the knees.

If a warning sign of bed sore is seen ,position should be changed, if no improvement is seen in 48 hours, doctor should be consulted.

Three primary contributing factors:

Pressure -,constant pressure on any part decreases blood flow to that tissue ,delivering less oxygen and nutrients causing damage.

Friction-skin rubs against bedding or clothing causing damage especially if skin is moist .

Shear:occurs when two surfaces moves in opposite directions. Eg if bed is elevated ,tailbone moves down.

Health care professionals uses grading system to describe severity of pressure ulcers. Most common is the

EPUAP grading system pressure ulcers are categorized according to the depth of damage. Grade 1 has the superficial damage and grade 4 has most severe damage around skin and tissue.

TREATMENT:

Very first friction and pressure should be removed. Proper cleaning and dressing, wound healing requires protein, iron vitamin Cand zinc supplements ,in serious case surgery is involved using laser light to remove dead tissue...proper creams and ointment are used .protection is the best way to prevent bed sores, patients who are at high risk of developing pressure ulcers ,bedridden patients should be inspected twice, position should be changed, any pressure causing damage to the skin or tissue should be eliminated using special mattresses

hat pressures relief equipment may include ,cushions, mattresses bed cradles and joint protector .special mattresses (bubble mattresses)relieve external pressure on vulnerable areas.