Question

Identify 5 different Pediatric Cardiovascular disorders and 5 different Pediatric Neurologic disorders . Include the appropriate Nursing Management for each disorder.

Answer 1

Peadiatric cardio vascular disorders

1. TETRALOGY OF FALLOT (TOF)
2. PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
3. ATRIOVENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT
4. COARCTATION OF AORTA
5. CONGESTTIVE CARDIAC FAILURE

TERALOGY OF FALLOT

It is a peadiatric congenital heart disease, which consists of four defects

• Ventricular septal defect( A whole betwwen right and left ventricles )
• Overriding of aorta (The aorta is placed directly over the VSD rather than left ventricles )
• Pulmonary stenosis ( narrowing of the pulmonary artery)
• Right ventricular hypertrophy ( thickeing of the muscular wall of the left ventricles causing high BP in the right ventricles)

Nursing Managements

1. Monitor the child for hypoxemia and provide oxigen supply as per the doctor's order
2. Check the vital signs
3. Check the sighns of cynosis
4. Monitor the growth and developemts
5. Provide psychological support for the family members

PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS

In case of the childrens with the patent ductus arteriosus the ductus arteriosus present during the gestational time will fails to close and may lead to an abnormal opening between the aorta and pulmonary artery.

Nursing managements

1. Check the vital signs
2. Get the written concent from the parents
3. Make the child ready for the surgery
4. Administer medications as per the doctor's order
5. Provide adequate rest and sleep to the child

ATRIOVENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS

It is the condition in which the child will be having an abnormal opening in between the chambers of the right and left sides of the heart.

Nursing managements

1. Administer the supplemental oxygen as per the doctor's order.
2. Check the signs for the hypoxia
3. Provide health education to the family members regarding the condition f the child
4. Check the vital signs
5. Monitor the any changes in the baby

COARCTATION OF AORTA

Coartaction of aorta is the narrowing of the aorta which occur at the aortic arch.

Nursing management

1. Mintain the fluid and electrolye balance of the child
2. Assist the doctor to perform thr surgery
3. Monitor the post operative recovery of the child
4. Check the area of insicion for any cmplications or bleeding
5. Provide a stelized dressing dressing

CONGESTIVE CARDIAC FAILURE

It is a condition in which the peadiatric heart is not anle to pump due to the weakened cardiac muscles.

Nursing management

1. Make the NICU bed ready to recieve the baby to the NICU
2. Incupate the child if necessary
3. Reduce preload - nitrates
4. Check the vital signs of the child and record it
5. Adminiter the medications as per the doctor's order

Peadiatric neurological disorders

1. HYDROCEPHALUS
2. ANENCEPHALY
3. SPINA BIFIDA
4. ​​​​​​​MENINGITIS
5. BRAIN TUMOR

HYDROCEPHALUS

It is an excessive accumulation of the CSF in the subarachnoid space of the brain leads to the enlargement of the head of the child.

Nursing managements

1. Meassure the head circumference of the child
2. Maintain the intake and output chart
3. If vomiting is present encourage the mother to refeed the child
4. Check the reflex reaction of th child
5. Evevate the head to 15 - 30 - degree.

ANENCEPHALY

It is the condition in which the baby borns with the absences of some parts of the brain and skull.

Nursing management

1. Check the reflex reaction
2. Provide spychological support to the family
3. Explain the family members regarding the condition
4. Perform the neurological exaination
5. Make the baby comfort
6. Assisst the mother to feed the baby

SPINA BIFIDA

Spina bifida is a condition in which the the imcomplete developemt of the embronic neural tube leads to unfused spinalcord.It is usually occuring in the lumbar or sacral regions of the spinal cord.

Nursing management

1. Check the risk for infection
2. Check the presents of CSF leakage through the spinal opening
3. Assess the signs of ICP
4. Provide psychological support to the family members
5. Assessthe impairements in the skin integrity

MENINGITIS

Meninges is the covering of the brain. Meningitis if the inflammation or infectio of the meninges dur=e to the exposure of bacteria, virus etc

Nursing managements

1. Check the vital signs of the child
2. Provide supine position without pillow
3. Assess the senses of the child
4. Administer the antibiotics as per the doctor's order
5. Isolate the child

BRAIN TUMOR

It is a neurological condition which can be seen in the child.In this case the child will be suffering with  the congenital benign and malignant tumour in the brain.

Nursing management

1. Check the level of pain
2. Administer the medications as per the doctor's order
3. Provide play therapy to the child to divert his/her mind from the pain
4. Assess the consciousness of the child
5. Check the reflex reactions​​​​​​​​​​​​​​