Question

how urinary system affected by COPD write in 350 words good explanation

Answer 1

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE refers to a group of pathological condition characterized by partial or complete airway obstruction. Most common are emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

EFFECT OF COPD ON URINARY SYSTEM

1.URINARY INCONTINENCE

✓ patients with COPD experience long episodes of coughing. It increases intraabdominal pressure. This over time weakness pelvic muscles.

✓ these weak muscles leads to urinary incontinence over time.

2.ACUTE URINARY RETENTION-

✓ Drugs like corticosteroid are used to treat copd. These drugs produce acute urinary retention as a side effect , especially in males.

✓ 10%of copd male patients are known to suffer from acute urinary retention.

3.CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE -

✓ chronic kidney disease is found as a comorbidity in many COPD patients. It has been proven by various researches.

✓ There are greater chances of mortality in patients with both chronic kidney disease and copd.

4.REDUCED KIDNEY FUNCTION -

✓ cigarette smoke is the most common risk factor in COPD patients. Cigarette smoke is known to produce histopathological changes in renal parenchyma.

✓ glomerular filtration rate is also reduced.

5. IMPAIRED ACID BASE BALANCE.

✓ Patient with copd has chronically high levels of carbon dioxide.

✓ this increased carbon dioxide is retained. It is the hydrolysed to form carbonic acid.

Since , carbonic acid is weak , it dissociates to hydrogen and bicarbonate ions.

This leads to respiratory acidosis.

✓ kidneys are overworked now. The increased carbon dioxide is excreted via kidneys as carbonic acid. To overcome acidosis, kidnays also absorb bicarbonate ions.

✓ chronic acidosis will cause damage to kidneys. They will then not be able to compensate for the acidosis.

✓ At this stage, chances of mortality are very high.

6.long term copd medicine usage also leads to immunosuppression in the body. It leads to increased chances of infection. Patient may suffer from urinary tract infections or renal infections.