Question

EXPLAIN/DISCUSS THE FOLLOWING CONCEPTS THOROUGHLY.

1. What are the similarities and differences of Orem's self care model and Roy's adaptation model? Discuss briefly.
2. What is comfort according to the theorist Katharine Kolkaba? Explain.
3. What is/are the importance of culture care theory in the nursing profession? Support your answer.
4. What are the major concepts of the Roy Adaptation Model? What are its aims and scope? Discuss.

Answer 1

Differences:

According to Roy's Adaptation Model, the goal of nursing is to promote adaptive responses in relation to 4 adaptive modes, using information about person’s adaptation level, and various stimuli.

According to Orem's self-care model, nursing process presents a method to determine the self care deficits and then to define the roles of person or nurse to meet the self care demands.

Similarities:

Bio-psycho-social being in constant interaction with a changing environment

Includes people as individuals or in groups-families, organizations, communities, and society as a whole.- Roy's Adaptation model

Maintaining interpersonal, intra group or inter group relations for coordination of efforts

Emphasizes that the technological component "must be coordinated with interpersonal and social processes within nursing situations. - Orem's self care Theory

Kolcaba's theory of comfort explains comfort as a fundamental need of all human beings for relief, ease, or transcendence arising from health care situations that are stressful. Comfort can enhance health-seeking behaviors for patients, family members, and nurses.

As early as the 1950s, Leininger started investigating what she called 'culturally congruent care', which would develop into the concept of transcultural nursing.

Transculture theory was developed to provide nursing care in a holistic and comprehensive approach. Her theory gives nurses avenues on how to provide care in harmonious way through applying the patient's cultural beliefs, values and practices.

Beliefs were based on the idea that understanding cultural diversity as associated with health and illness was a fundamental part of nursing knowledge. Leininger saw that cultural diversity was a challenge for professionals in all healthcare contexts. Leininger emphasised that knowledge of cultural systems (a patient's cultural beliefs, attitudes and behaviour) is essential for enabling culturally competent care.

In 1976, Sister Callista Roy developed the Adaptation Model of Nursing, a prominent nursing theory. Nursing theories frame, explain or define the practice of nursing. Roy's model sees the individual as a set of interrelated systems (biological, psychological and social).

5 major concepts - person, goal of nursing, nursing activities, health and environment • Persons are viewed as living adaptive systems whose behaviors may be classified as adaptive or ineffective. These mechanisms work within 4 adaptive modes.

The four modes of adaptation defined in Roy Adaptation Model are physiologic, self-concept, role function and interdependence modes.

According to Roy adaptation model, the aim of nursing is to increase compliance and life expectancy. Roy Adaptation Model evaluates the patient in physiologic mode, self-concept mode, role function mode and interdependence mode aiming to provide holistic care.