9. Discuss the trend in electronegativities across Period 2 from lithium to fluorine. Can you account for the difference in details from the trend in ionization energy?

What do we mean by

The following reaction was carried out in a 3.75Lreaction vessel at 1100 K:

C(s)+H2O(g)?CO(g)+H2(g)

If during the course of the reaction, the vessel is found to contain 8.25mol of C, 13.3mol of H2O, 3.40mol of CO, and 6.00mol of H2, what is the reaction quotient Q?

For the exothermic reaction

PCl3(g)+Cl2(g)?PCl5(g)

Kp = 0.100 at a certain temperature. A flask is charged with 0.500 atm PCl3 , 0.500 atm Cl2, and 0.300atm PCl5 at this temperature.

What are the equilibrium partial pressures of PCl3 , Cl2, and PCl5, respectively?

Express your answers numerically in atmospheres with three digits after the decimal point, separated by commas.

Electron transfer translocates protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the external medium, establishing a pH gradient across the inner membrane (outside more acidic than inside). The tendency of protons to diffuse back into the matrix is the driving force for ATP synthesis by ATP synthase. During oxidative phosphorylation by a suspension of mitochondria in a medium of pH 7.4, the pH of the matrix has been measured as 7.7.

(a) Calculate [H+ ] in the external medium and in the matrix under these conditions.

(b) What is the outside-to-inside ratio of [H+ ]? Comment on the energy inherent in this concentration difference (just the energy from the concentration gradient, not the electrochemical potential.

(c) Calculate the number of protons in a respiring liver mitochondrion, assuming its inner matrix compartment is a sphere of diameter 1.5 microns. (volume of a sphere is 4/3 π r^3)

(d) From these data, is the concentration gradient sufficient to generate ATP from ADP and Pi? If not, suggest how the necessary energy for synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate arises.

What is the pH of a 203 mL sample of 3.601 M acetic acid (CH₃COOH) (Ka = 1.8 x 10^-5)?

1. Using the standard enthalpies of formation, what is the standard enthalpy of reaction?

CO(g) + H₂O(g) --> CO₂(g) + H₂(g)

2. Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the following reaction at 25 �C.

HCl(g) + NaOH(s) --> NaCl(s) + H₂O(l)

3. For a particular isomer of C₈H₁₈, the following reaction produces 5113.3 kJ of heat per mole of C₈H₁₈(g) consumed, under standard conditions.

C₈H₁₈(g) + 25/2O₂(g) --> 8CO₂(g) + 9H₂O(g) (delta_rxn = -5113.3 kJ)

What is the standard enthalpy of formation of this isomer of C₈H₁₈(g)?

4. Many power plants produce energy by burning carbon-based fuels, which also produces carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, so over-production can have negative effects on the environment. Use enthalpy of formation data to calculate the number of moles of CO₂(g) produced per megajoule of heat released from the combustion of each fuel under standard conditions (1 atm and 25 �C).

coal, C(s, graphite):

natural gas, CH₄(g):

propane, C₃H₈(g):

octane, C₈H₁₈(l) (?Hf� = �250.1 kJ �mol^-1):

*MUST SHOW WORK

1) What mass of hydrogen gas will be produced rom 4.76g of NO and 3.23 g of CH4?

2NO(g)+2CH4(g)-->2HCN(g)+2H2O(g)+H2(g)


2) A 250.0g sample of a metal with a specific heat 0.95 J/g-C is heated to 80.0 C and then placed in a calorimeter with water. The initial temperature of the water is 19.0C and the final temperature of the system is 25.1 C. The heat loss to the calorimeter is negligible. What is the mass of the water?

3) Determine the volume and density of 45.0 g of ethane, C2H6, at STP.

4) A sample of sulfur dioxide occupies 12.0L at 258C and 1.27 psi. What volume will it occupy at STP?

Copper(II) forms a 1:1 complex with the organic complexing agent R in acidic medium. The formation of the complex can be monitored by spectrophotometry at 480 nm. Use the following data collected under psuedo-first-order conditions to construct a calibration curve of rate versus concentration of R. Find the concentration of copper(II) in an unkown whose rate under the same conditions was 6.2x10^-3 A s-1. Also find the standard deviation of the concentration

The properties of alkenes and alkynes related to boiling, melting, polarity and solubility

A buffer composed of 0.50 mol acetic acid (HC₂H₃O₂) and 0.50 mol sodium acetate (Na⁺C₂H₃O₂^-) is diluted to a volume of 1.0 liter. The pH of the buffer is 4.74. How many moles of NaOH must be added to the buffer to raise its pH to 5.74?

4.) Consider the titration of 100.0 mL of 0.016 M HOCl (Ka=3.5×10−8) with 0.0400 M NaOH.

Part A

How many milliliters of 0.0400 M NaOH are required to reach the equivalence point?

Part B

Calculate the pH after the addition of 10.0 mL of 0.0400 M NaOH.

Part C

Calculate the pH halfway to the equivalence point .

Part D

Calculate the pH at the equivalence point.

The following table provides some information on carbon dioxide solubility in water.

Part A

What is the Henry's law constant for CO2 at 20∘C?

Express your answer in mol L−1 bar−1 to four decimal places.

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Part B

What pressure is required to achieve a CO2 concentration of 0.0980 mol L−1 at 20∘C?

Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.

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Part C

At 1.01 bar, how many moles of CO2 are released by raising the temperature of 1 litre of water from 20∘C to 25∘C?

Express your answer to four decimal places and include the appropriate units.

there are 2 kinds of carbonyl acceptor structures in addition to benzoate esters that can be used in the reaction with phenylmagnesium bromide in order to produce triphenylmethanol. Also they react with a different number of equivalents of the Grignard Reagent. What are the carbonyl acceptors? please draw structure