12) What is Graham's law of effusion? Explain it in words.

a) Give two formulas representing this law. Which is more commonly used?

b) which postulate of the kinetic molecular theory of gases does this law relate to?

Explain why:

Ionic strength increase then activity coefficient decrease

Ionic charge increase then activity coefficient increase

Ionic size increase then activity coefficient decrease

Please explain why dyes attach to natural fibers more readily than synthetic fibers. How do the structures relate?

Discuss the inaccuracies in the tate equation and explain how a correction factor may be obtained and applied?

An ideal Pb2+Pb2+ ion-selective electrode is moved from a 5.69×10−55.69×10−5 M Pb(NO3)2Pb(NO3)2 solution to a 3.22×10−33.22×10−3 M Pb(NO3)2Pb(NO3)2 solution at 25 °C. By how many millivolts will the potential of the ion-selective electrode change when it is moved from the first solution to the second solution?

If Q > K, the sign of ∆G is .________

Adding an inert solute raises the boiling point because_______ it the entropy of the solution. If dissolving a salt in water evolves heat, solubility will_______ as temperature increases. Hydrocarbons have low solubility in water because the waters around the solutes become _____, decreasing the_____ .

List the three factors that you should consider when trying to predict the crystal structure for a ceramic material. In one to two sentences or bullets explain why each is important.

Please rank the following in order of increasing solubility

Calcium sulfate Ksp=7.1x10^-5
Calcium Carbonate Ksp=5.0x10^-9
Caclium Hydroxide Ksp=4.7x10^-6
Calcium Flouride Ksp=3.9x10^-11
Calcium Phosphate Ksp=2.1x10^-33

Quinine, an alkaloid derived from a tree that grows in tropical rain forests, is used in the treatment of malaria. Like all alkaloids, quinine is a sparingly soluble weak base: 1.00 g of quinine will dissolve in 1.90 × 10² L of water.

The equilibrium constant  for the reaction PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) ------- PCl5(g)

equals 49 at 230°C. If 0.367 mol each of phosphorus trichloride and chlorine are added to a 4.00 L reaction vessel, what is the equilibrium composition of the mixture at 230°C?

discuss three different types of interaction of radiation with matter used in optical instruments giving examples of the instruments based on those interactions

A solution is 5.66 % by mass NH3 (MM 17.04 g/mol) in water (MM 18.02 g/mol). The density of the resulting solution is 0.974 g/mL. What is the mole fraction, molarity and molality of NH3 in the solution?

DRAW A STRUCTURAL FORMULA FOR ALCOHOL

DESCRIBE HOW ALCOHOLS ARE PAIARED

Tin metal can be obtained by the reduction of tin ions (Sn2+) by Co2+ at 298 K: Sn2+ (aq) + Co2+(aq) <--> Sn (s) + Co4+ (aq) , Kc = 1.70

150 mL of 0.200 M Sn(NO3)2 is mixed with 150 mL of 0.250 M Co(NO3)2 at 298 K. What is the concentration of Co4+ at equilibrium? SHOW ALL WORK.