Question

What is the Impact on client factors for Schizophrenia, Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder? Give 3 for each one.

Answer 1

INTRODUCTION

ANSWER-1

1-SCHIZOPHRENIA

It is a psychotic conditions charactrized by three core symptoms such as ;

-positive symptoms

-hallucinations

-delusions

-disorganized thinking

-agitation

-negative symptoms

-apathy and low self esteem

-personal neglect

-cognitive symptoms

-poor memory and attention

-disorientation

-affective symptoms

-depression

-suicidal ideation

THE THREE IMPACT ON CLIENTS FACTORS ON SCHIZOPHRENIA ARE AS FOLLOWS;

1-Neuro-structural disorders

2-Developmental theories

3-Biochemical changes

1-NEURO-STRUCTURAL DISORDERS

- It is a disorders charactrized by anatomical and physiological alterations in nerve pathway

-The main impacts as follows;

-decreased brain volume

-larger lateral and third ventricles

-atrophy in the frontal lobe,cerebellum,and limbic structure

  -increased size of sulci on the surface of brain

-underdevelopment of pre-frontal cortex and limbic cortex

2-DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES

-According to Freud,

-there is an inadequate ego development

-poor ego boundaries

-arrested psycho-social development

-Other impacts are;

  -decreases delta sleep

-decreases membrane synthesis

  -decreased prefrontal metabolism

  -decreased volume of cortical grey matter

-there is an abnormal autonomic nervous system

3-BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES

-It means there is an alteration in the production,synthesis,distribution and functions

-The main impact on client factors as follows;

-increases the amount of dopamine

-normal cell communications is disrupted

-there is a development of hallucinations and deludions due to impaired functions of the neurotransmitters

-there is a problems in brain chemistry and brain structures

ANSWER-2

MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS

It is also known as MAJOR DEPRESSION,CLINICAL DEPRESSION or UNIPOLAR DISEASES

-The main impact on clients factors are as follows;

1-Biological factors

2-Socio-cultural factors

3-Psychological causes

1-BIOLOGICAL FACTORS

It is categorized into three;

1-genetic predispositions

2-brain structures

3-neurotransmitters

-The main imacts as follows;

-low frontal lobe volume

-increases ventricular volume

-smaller serotonon receptors

-low level of serotonin

-decraese the activity of other neurotransmitters

-there is an elevated cortisol levels

-increased level of Growth hormones

-there is mood changes and depression

2-SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS

-The main impact on clients are;

-alcohol abuse or alcohol dependance

-obsessive compulsive disorders

-social anxiety disorders

   -poor interpersonal relationship

  -divorce or seperated

3-PSYCHOLOGICAL CAUSES

-Changes in mood

-increased irritability

-feeling of unmotivated

-loss of enjoyment

-decreased level of social participation

-loss of interest in pleasurable activities

-talking slowly than normal

-changes in sleep habits

-changes in appetie

-changes in weight(gaining or losing weight)

-low self esteem

-decreased concentration

-decraesd thinking capacity

ANSWER-3

3-BIPOLAR DISORDERS

-It is a psychotic disorders and it is charactrized by FOUR episides ;

-DEPRESSIVE EPISODES

-MANIC EPISODES

-HYPOMANIC EPISODES

-MIXED-MOOD STATES

-The main three impacts on clients factors are follows;

1-Physical illness

2-Biochemical changes

3-Neuro-endocrine disorders

1-PHYSICAL ILLNESS

-The main impacts are as follows;

-viral illness

-carcinoma

-neurological disorders

-thyroid diseases

-multiple sclerosis

-diabetes mellitus

-systemic lupus erythematosus

-addisons diseases

-pernicious anemia

2-BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES

-abnormal Catecholamines such as nor epinephrine,dopamine and serotonin

-Acetyl choline and GABA may also play role

-elevated levels of intra cellular sodium and calcium

3-NEURO-ENDOCRINE DISORDERS

The main impacts on clients as follows;

-hypothyroidism

  -cushing diseases

-addisons diseases

-chronic hyperactivity in the hypo-thalamic pituitary adrenal axis

-affecting the functioning of neurotrasmitters

-altered brain move activities

NURSES ROLE

-to assess the mental capabilities

-provide calm and quite enviornment

-maintain good interpersonal relationships

-maintain hydration status

-provide psycho therapy

-provide relaxation techniques

  

  

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