Question

What are the symptoms of major depressive disorder and how long must these symptoms be present before the MDD would be diagnosed?

(Meant for an abnormal psychology class, we use the textbook Understanding Abnormal Behavior 11e by David Sue if thats any help)

Answer 1

Major depressive disorder is characterized as persistent and intense feelings of sadness over an extended period of time. Major depressive disorder is a serious medical condition which is also known as clinical depression and has effects on the physical functions such as lack of appetite and sleep and it also affects the mood and behavior of the individual. In order to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder, the individual must show at least 5 of the following symptoms which is listed in the DSM for a minimum period of two weeks. The symptoms are; feel sad or irritable for most part of the day or every day, loss of interest in the activities that the individual used to enjoy, change in appetite and displays weight loss or weight gain, difficulty in sleeping or sleep loss, loss of energy or feeling tired, feelings of restlessness, difficulty in thinking /concentrating or making decisions, feelings of guilt or being unworthy, thinking of harming oneself or thoughts of suicide.

Several factors may contribute to major depressive disorder such as genes, stress that alter the brain chemistry which reduces the stability of maintaining the mood. Hormonal changes also contribute to the onset of the disease. The changes in the hormones can be caused due to menopause, miscarriage, postpartum depression. The disorder can also be triggered by drug use, medications and medical conditions such as hyperthyroidism. Major depressive disorder can be treated through various measures such as medications like antidepressants. Psychotherapy is also considered to be effective treatment in the long run. Also making lifestyle changes such as eating healthy, regular exercise, getting adequate amount of sleep and avoiding drugs can improve the symptoms of MDD