Question

Describe the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease.•Discuss factors that can precipitate a sickle cell crisis.•Create a care plan for the patient presenting in sickle cell crisis.•Prioritize assessments and interventions for thepatient in sickle cell crisis.•Discuss the rationale for common medications and interventions used to treat sickle cell crisis.•Discuss pain management recommendations for the patient in sickle cell crisis.•Create an education plan for the patient being discharged following hospitalization for sickle cell crisis.•Describe common complications of sickle cell disease.•Discuss the rationale for genetic and vocational counseling

Answer 1

Sickle cell disease is a group of blood disorders typically inherited from a parents.The common type is sickle cell anemia.Problems in sickle cell disease typically start around 5 to 6 months. Number of health problems may develop such as attack of pain, anemia, swelling in the hands and feet ,bacterial infection and stroke.This disease result in an abnormality in the haemoglobin found in RBC, leads to a rigid ,sickle shaped cells.

Patho physiology. *Normal RBC are quite elastic and have a biconcave disc shape , which allow the cell to defrom to pass through capillaries. *In sickle cell disease , low oxygen tension promote red blood cell sickling and repeated episodes of sickling damage the cell membrane and decrease the cell's elasticity. *These cells fails to return to normal shape when normal oxygen tension is restored. *As a consequences,the rigid blood cells are unable to deform as they pass through narrow capillaries,leading to vessel occlusion and and ischemia. *The actual anaemia of the illness is caused by hemolysis,the destruction of the red cells.

1.Sickle cell crisis is a painful episode that may begin suddenly in a person who has sickle cell disease.It occur when sickle shaped cells clamp together and block small blood vessels that carry blood to certain organs, muscle, and bones. Factora precipitating for sickle cell crisis : *High altitudes like mountain climbing. *Change into temperature. *Infections. *Dehydration. *Stress.

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