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Provide Health Promotion teaching with references for Sickle Cell Disease.

Provide Health Promotion teaching with references for Sickle Cell Disease.

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Expert Solution

Sickle cell diseases (SCD) is a chronic inherited disease belonging to a group of conditions called hemoglobinopathies. Individuals with SCD often require close medical care from specialists. Nonetheless, nurse practitioners are in ideal positions to facilitate the health promotion and health maintenance necessary to decrease the high rate of morbidity and mortality associated with this disease.

Nurse practitioners must understand the importance of early identification of affected individuals, effective monitoring and screening, effective monitoring and screening, effective pain treatment, and prophylaxis. The unpredictable trajectory of SCD can lead to frustration, fear, helplessness, hopelessness, and emotional distress. Ineffective pain management is a major problem for people with Sickle cell diseases (SCD). Nurse practitioners can overcome this problem by initiating effective and prompt pain management in a nonjudgmental manner.

Almost all people with this disease will have painful crises. Risk increases if you don’t drink enough fluids (dehydration), get an infection, are pregnant, have surgery, or are at high altitude.

Because sickle cell anemia and crises affect the whole body, there are many complications of this disease:

  • Hands and feet swelling and pain (plus fever) because the small blood vessels get blocked (this occurs most often in children)
  • Spleen enlargement. The spleen traps abnormal blood cells and filters them out of the blood. Sometimes it may trap good cells, causing anemia, and this can cause the spleen to get big.
  • Infections are common because the spleen is large and can’t fight infections as well.
  • Acute chest syndrome, which is like pneumonia, and causes shortness of breath
  • High blood pressure in the lungs because the blood vessels there are damaged
  • Stroke because the blood vessels get blocked or are damaged and leak
  • Eye problems because blood flow is blocked and oxygen can’t get to the eyes or the blood vessels leak

How long it takes to get better depends on your treatment, how well you recover, your overall health, and any complications you may have.

Sickle cell anemia is a lifelong disease. It is important to have one primary care provider who knows you and manages your condition and who you see regularly. Your provider can:

  • Provide genetic counseling, if you plan to have children
  • Talk to you about treatment options, such as blood transfusions and bone marrow transplant
  • Monitor your treatment plan and make changes, as needed

Pain control is a primary focus of managing sickle cell disease. Your pain may be sudden and severe or chronic and hard to manage or a combination of the two. Talk with your provider about how to best manage your pain. Follow your provider’s instructions and let him or her know when treatment is not helping.

Management

  • Your provider will give you a list of your medicines when you leave the hospital.
    • Know your medicines. Know what they look like, how much you should take each time, how often you should take them, and why you take each one.
    • Take your medicines exactly as your provider tells you to.
    • Carry a list of your medicines in your wallet or purse. Include any nonprescription medicines and supplements on the list.
  • Your provider may prescribe medicine to:
    • Treat pain. Take your pain medicines as prescribed.
    • Treat or prevent an infection
    • Prevent your red blood cells from sickling
    • Help your body make red blood cells

Diet, Exercise, and Other Lifestyle Changes

  • Follow the treatment plan your healthcare provider prescribes.
  • Get plenty of rest. Try to get at least 7 to 9 hours of sleep each night.
  • Eat a healthy diet with lots of green vegetables.
  • Drink enough fluids to keep your urine light yellow in color, unless you are told to limit fluids.
  • Exercise as your provider recommends. Rest if you feel tired.
  • Don't smoke. Smoking can worsen poor blood circulation.
  • Find ways to make your life less stressful.

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