What is the pathophysiology and etiology for sickle cell anemia?

Expert Solution

Ans) Sickle Cell Anemia:

- Hemolytic anemia that results from inheritance of the sickle hemoglobin gene (HbS).

Pathophysiology of sickle cell anemia:

- There are two types of hemoglobin genes, people with SCD have HB s and HB c

- Hemoglobin S is the hemoglobin that sickles when it is dehydrated and deoxygenated.

- These blood cells get really hard and stiff and clump together, occluding vessels (micro infarctions).

- This occlusion causes engorgement and ischemia which causes pain.

- Local tissue hypoxia leads to further sickleling of the blood cells and causes a large infarction.

- Infarctions cause scarring of tissue and impaired function.

Etiology of sickle cell anemia:

1 in 12 african Americans have sickle cell disease and 1 in 16 hispanic Americans have the disease. SCD is genetic . It is an autosomal recessive disorder. If both parents have are carriers of the disease they have a 25% chance of passing on the disease to their newborn.

Nightingale answered 2 years ago

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