Question

1- Explain the relationship between the environment and chronic disease.

2- Explain the similarities and differences between the theories of nurse theorists Hildegarde Peplau and Dorothea Orem.

3- What are the professional advantages of nurses having autonomy?

Answer 1

7. 1- Explain the relationship between the environment and chronic disease.

Many risk factors include infectious agents causing cervical and liver cancers, and air pollution, contributes to asthma and other chronic respiratory diseases.

Examples :

Research has suggested numerous environmental etiologies of Parkinson's disease, including rural living; well water consumption; and exposures to pesticides , heavy metals, and hydrocarbons. There have been evaluations of several lifestyle factors.

Evidence from case reports including epidemiology, child, species, and individual cases strongly indicate environmental causes. There has been clearly no single reporting involved. A variety of agents that increase oxidative stress on cells including some pesticides , heavy metals, hydrocarbons, dietary fat, and plant toxins seem likely to increase the risk of PD.

2- Explain the similarities and differences between the theories of nurse theorists Hildegarde Peplau and Dorothea Orem.

Dorothea E. Orem

· In her Theory of Self-Care, she described Nursing as "the act of assisting others in providing and managing self-care to sustain or enhance the functioning of humans at home level of effectiveness."

· Focuses on the capacity of each person to practice self-care.

· Consisting of three interrelated theories: (1) self-care theory, (2) self-care deficiency theory, and (3) nursing theory, further categorized as completely compensatory, partly compensatory and supportive-educative.

Nursing is described in Peplau 's theory as an interactive, therapeutic process that takes place when practitioners, explicitly qualified to be nurses, participate in therapeutic relationships with people in need of health services.

3- What are the professional advantages of nurses having autonomy?

Background: Professional autonomy means having the decision-making power and the right to behave according to one's professional knowledge base. ...

Relevance to clinical practice: Nurses must be competent to gain autonomous practice and have the courage to take charge in situations where they are responsible.

Nurses begin to exercise their clinical autonomy as their knowledge is enhancing through interprofessional team experience and collaboration. As clinical skill increases, nurses gain the confidence required for making care decisions.

Findings demonstrate the need for nurses to take a wider perspective and actively contribute to writing guidelines and policies in hospitals that understand the value of autonomy for training and practice in nursing care.