Why is the citric acid cycle considered to be a “central
metabolic hub” of the cell? Provide an
explanation with specific examples, including control and
regulatory aspects of the citric acid
cycle. What happens when there are "defects" in the citric acid
cycle? Provide examples
The relative metabolic activities in an organism of glycolysis +
the citric acid cycle versus pentose phosphate pathway +
gluconeogenesis can be measured by comparing the rates of
14CO2 generation upon administration of glucose labeled
with 14C at C (1) with that of glucose labeled at C (6).
Explain by justifying your answer what pathway is responsible for
the loss of C1 and C6 of glucose
inThe citric acid cycle there are three reactions of the citric
acid cycle it's self that are regulated:
-citrate synthase which is where ATP inhibits in in
citeo
-isocitrate dehydrogenase: alosterrically activated by Ca2+
and ADP also is inhibited by NADH
- alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase which is where Ca2+
increases the rate of formation of succinyl-CoA
what would happen if all three of these reactions were not
present? what would happen if citrate synthase was not functioning,
what would happen...
Energetics. We have learned that all metabolic pathways must be
thermodynamically downhill. How can the citric acid cycle work even
though the ∆G°’ of the last reaction is > 0? Explain the
relevance, if any, of the order in which endergonic and exergonic
steps occur within a metabolic pathway.
Step 2 of the Citric Acid Cycle converts citrate to
isocitrate.
This moves the functional group (-OH) to convert a
______________alcohol to a _____________alcohol, which can then be
oxidized to an a-ketone in the next step along with a
decarboxylation reaction.
Write the molecular formula for citric acid (citrate with the
hydrogens put back on those carboxyl groups):
___________________
From the molecular formula, calculate the molar mass for citric
acid:_______________g/mol.
How is citrate related to isocitrate?
a. They are constitutional...
Show the three reactions in the citric acid cycle in which NADH
is produced. Including the structures. None of these reactions
involves molecular oxygen (O2), but all three reactions are
strongly inhibited by anaerobic conditions. Explain why.