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In: Nursing

2. Describe all 6 medications in ALADIN include receptor sites, uses, contraindications, adverse effects, generic name...


2. Describe all 6 medications in ALADIN include receptor sites, uses, contraindications, adverse effects, generic name and trade name

which are (Atropine, Lidocaine, Adrenalin, Diazepam, Isuprel, Naloxone)

Solutions

Expert Solution

ATROPINE

generic name: Atropine sulfate.

trade name: Daturin / Atropine

ACTION: Anticholinergics, IT INHIBITS THE ACTION OF ACETYLCHOLINE AT PROSTAGANGLIONIC SITES LOCATED IN SMOOTH MUSCLE, SECRETARY GLANDS, CNS.

INDICATIONS:

  • IM: PREOPERATIVELY
  • IV: TREATMENT OF SINUS BRADYCARDIA, AND HEART BLOCK
  • IV: REVERSAL OF ADVERSE EFFECT OF NEOSTIGMINE, PHYSOSTIGMINE.
  • TREATMENT OF ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE POISONING.

CONTRAINDICATIONS:

  • HYPERSENSITIVITY
  • ANGLE CLOSURE GLAUCOMA
  • ACUTE HEMORRHAGE
  • TACHYCARDIA SECONDARY TO CARDIA INSUFFICIENCY
  • THYROTOXICOSIS
  • OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASE TO GI TRACT

ADVERSE EFFECTS:

  • CNS: DROWSINESS, CONFUSION, HYPERPYREIA
  • EENT: BLURRED VISION, CYCLOPLEGIA, PHOTOPHOBIA, DRY EYES, MYDRIASIS.
  • CV: TACHYCARDIA, PALPITATIONS, ARRYTHMIAS,
  • GI: DRY MOUTH, CONSTIPATION, IMPAIRED GI MOTILITY
  • GU: URINARY HESITANCY, RETENTION, IMPOTENCY
  • RESP: DYSPNEA, PULMONARY EDEMA, FLUSHING, DECREASED SWEATING.

LIDOCAINE

generic name: LIDOCAINE

trade name: XYLOCAINE, TROPICAINE

ACTION: SUPPRESSES AUTOMATICALLY AND SPONTANEOUS DEPOLARIZATION OF THE VENTRICLES DURING BY ALTERING THE FLUX OF SODIUM IONS ACROSS CELL MEMBRANE WITH LITTLE OR NO EFFECT ON HEART RATE.

INDICATIONS:

  • IV: VENTRICULAR ARRYTHMIAS
  • LOCAL: INFILTERATION, MUCOSAL, TOPICALLY ANESTHETIC
  • TRANSDERMAL: PAIN DUR TO POST HERPETIC NEURALGIA.

CONTRAINDICATIONS:

  • HYPERSENSITIVITY
  • THIRD DEGREE HEART BLOCK
  • CHILDREN WITH SEIZURES
  • CARDIAC ARREST
  • WOLFF PARKINSON WHITE SYNDROME

ADVERSE EFFECT:

  • CNS: SEIZURES, CONFUSION, DROWSINESS, AGITATION, BLURRED VISION, DIZZINESS, SLURRED SPEECH
  • EENT: DECREASE GAG REFLEX
  • CV: CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS, BRADYCARDIA, HEART BLOCK, HYPOTENSION
  • GI: NAUSEA, VOMITING
  • RESP: BRONCHOSPAM
  • OTHER: PARESTHESIA, TREMOR, ALLERGIC CONDITION.

  ADRENALINE

generic name: EPINEPHRINE

trade name: ADRENALIN, ADRENALINE

ACTION: ACT ON ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS BOTH BETA 1 AND 2 ADRENEGIC RECEPTORS AND PRODUCES VASODILATION. ALSO HAS PROPERTY OF ALPHA ADRENERGIC AGONIST PROPERTIES.

INDICATION:

  • MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE ALLERGIC REACTION
  • ACLS
  • PALS
  • CARDIAC ARREST
  • COPD
  • MANAGEMENT OF UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
  • TO PROLONG ANESTHESIA

CONTRAINDICATION:

  • HYPERSENSITIVITY TO ADRENERGIC AMINE
  • CAUTIOUS IN CARDIAC DISEASE, HYPERTENSION, GLAUCOMA ETC,

ADVERSE EFFECT:

  • CNS: NERVOUSNESS, TREMOR, HEADACHE, INSOMNIA.
  • RESP: PARADOXICAL BRONCHOSPASM.
  • CV: ANGINA, ARRYTHMIAS, HYPERTENSION, TACHYCARDIA.
  • DERM: SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE INFECTION.
  • GI: NAUSEA, VOMITING, HYPERGLYCEMIA.

  DIAZEPAM

generic name: DIAZEPAM

trade name: VALIUM, DIASTAT

ACTION: DEPRESSES THE CNS BY POTENTIATING GABA. PRODUCES RELAXATION BY INHIBITING SPINAL POLYSYNAPTIC AFFERENT PATHWAYS.

INDICATIONS:

  • ANXIETY DISORDER
  • CARDIOVERSION
  • PREOPERATIVE SEDATION
  • UNCONTROLLE SIEZURES
  • ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL
  • INSOMNIA, ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

CONTRAINDICATION:

  • HYPERSENSITIVITY
  • COMATOSE PATIENT
  • MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
  • SLEEP APNEA
  • SEVERE PULMONARY IMPAIRMENT
  • SEVERE HEPATIC DYSFUNCTION, UNCONTROLLED PAIN.

ADVERSE EFFECTS;

  • CNS: DIZZINESS,DROWSINESS, LETHARGY, DEPRESSION, HANGOVER, ATAXIA, SLURRED SPEECH, HEADACHE.
  • EENT: BLURRED VISION
  • RESP: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
  • CV: HYPOTENSION,
  • GI: CONSTIPATION, VOMITING, NAUSEA, WEIGHT GAIN
  • OTHERS: PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE,TOLERANCE, RASHES ETC.

ISUPREL

generic name: ISOPROTERENOL

trade name: ISUPREL

ACTION: Isoproterenol is a potent nonselective beta-adrenergic agonist with very low affinity for alpha-adrenergic receptors. It prevents or relieves bronchoconstriction, but tolerance to this effect develops with overuse of the drug.

USES:

  • For mild or transient episodes of heart block that do not require electric shock or pacemaker therapy.
  • For serious episodes of heart block and Adams-Stokes attacks
  • For bronchospasm occurring during anesthesia.
  • As an adjunct to fluid and electrolyte replacement therapy
  • congestive heart failure, and cardiogenic shock


CONTRAINDICATION:

  • tachyarrhythmias;
  • tachycardia or heart block caused by digitalis intoxication;
  • ventricular arrhythmias which require inotropic therapy;
  • and angina pectoris

ADVERSE EFFECTS:

CNS: Nervousness, headache, dizziness, nausea, visual blurring.

Cardiovascular: Tachycardia, palpitations, angina, Adams-Stokes attacks, pulmonary edema, hypertension, hypotension, ventricular arrhythmias, tachyarrhythmias.

In a few patients, presumably with organic disease of the AV node and its branches, isoproterenol hydrochloride injection has been reported to precipitate Adams-Stokes seizures during normal sinus rhythm or transient heart block.

Respiratory: Dyspnea.

Other: Flushing of the skin, sweating, mild tremors, weakness, pallor.

NALOXONE

generic name: NALOXONE

trade name: NARCAN, EVZIO

ACTION: COMPETITIVELY BLOCKS THE EFFECTS OF OPIODS INCLUDING, CND AND RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION.

USES:

  • REVERSAL OF CNS DEPRESSION AND RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION BECAUSE OF OPIOID OVERDOSE.
  • OPIOID INDUCED PRURITIS.

CONTRAINDICATIONS:

  • ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​HYPERSENSITIVITY

ADVERSE EFFECTS:

  • VENTRICULAR ARRYTHMIAS
  • HYPERTENSION
  • NAUSEA
  • VOMITING
  • ​​​​​​​HYPOTENSION

  


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