ATROPINE
generic name: Atropine sulfate.
trade name: Daturin / Atropine
ACTION: Anticholinergics, IT
INHIBITS THE ACTION OF ACETYLCHOLINE AT PROSTAGANGLIONIC SITES
LOCATED IN SMOOTH MUSCLE, SECRETARY GLANDS, CNS.
INDICATIONS:
- IM: PREOPERATIVELY
- IV: TREATMENT OF SINUS BRADYCARDIA, AND HEART BLOCK
- IV: REVERSAL OF ADVERSE EFFECT OF NEOSTIGMINE,
PHYSOSTIGMINE.
- TREATMENT OF ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE POISONING.
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
- HYPERSENSITIVITY
- ANGLE CLOSURE GLAUCOMA
- ACUTE HEMORRHAGE
- TACHYCARDIA SECONDARY TO CARDIA INSUFFICIENCY
- THYROTOXICOSIS
- OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASE TO GI TRACT
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
- CNS: DROWSINESS, CONFUSION, HYPERPYREIA
- EENT: BLURRED VISION, CYCLOPLEGIA,
PHOTOPHOBIA, DRY EYES, MYDRIASIS.
- CV: TACHYCARDIA, PALPITATIONS,
ARRYTHMIAS,
- GI: DRY MOUTH, CONSTIPATION, IMPAIRED GI
MOTILITY
- GU: URINARY HESITANCY, RETENTION,
IMPOTENCY
- RESP: DYSPNEA, PULMONARY EDEMA, FLUSHING,
DECREASED SWEATING.
LIDOCAINE
generic name: LIDOCAINE
trade name: XYLOCAINE, TROPICAINE
ACTION: SUPPRESSES AUTOMATICALLY
AND SPONTANEOUS DEPOLARIZATION OF THE VENTRICLES DURING BY ALTERING
THE FLUX OF SODIUM IONS ACROSS CELL MEMBRANE WITH LITTLE OR NO
EFFECT ON HEART RATE.
INDICATIONS:
- IV: VENTRICULAR ARRYTHMIAS
- LOCAL: INFILTERATION, MUCOSAL, TOPICALLY ANESTHETIC
- TRANSDERMAL: PAIN DUR TO POST HERPETIC NEURALGIA.
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
- HYPERSENSITIVITY
- THIRD DEGREE HEART BLOCK
- CHILDREN WITH SEIZURES
- CARDIAC ARREST
- WOLFF PARKINSON WHITE SYNDROME
ADVERSE EFFECT:
- CNS: SEIZURES, CONFUSION, DROWSINESS,
AGITATION, BLURRED VISION, DIZZINESS, SLURRED SPEECH
- EENT: DECREASE GAG REFLEX
- CV: CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS, BRADYCARDIA, HEART
BLOCK, HYPOTENSION
- GI: NAUSEA, VOMITING
- RESP: BRONCHOSPAM
- OTHER: PARESTHESIA, TREMOR, ALLERGIC
CONDITION.
ADRENALINE
generic name: EPINEPHRINE
trade name: ADRENALIN, ADRENALINE
ACTION: ACT ON ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS
BOTH BETA 1 AND 2 ADRENEGIC RECEPTORS AND PRODUCES VASODILATION.
ALSO HAS PROPERTY OF ALPHA ADRENERGIC AGONIST
PROPERTIES.
INDICATION:
- MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE ALLERGIC REACTION
- ACLS
- PALS
- CARDIAC ARREST
- COPD
- MANAGEMENT OF UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
- TO PROLONG ANESTHESIA
CONTRAINDICATION:
- HYPERSENSITIVITY TO ADRENERGIC AMINE
- CAUTIOUS IN CARDIAC DISEASE, HYPERTENSION, GLAUCOMA ETC,
ADVERSE EFFECT:
- CNS: NERVOUSNESS, TREMOR, HEADACHE,
INSOMNIA.
- RESP: PARADOXICAL BRONCHOSPASM.
- CV: ANGINA, ARRYTHMIAS, HYPERTENSION,
TACHYCARDIA.
- DERM: SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE INFECTION.
- GI: NAUSEA, VOMITING, HYPERGLYCEMIA.
DIAZEPAM
generic name: DIAZEPAM
trade name: VALIUM, DIASTAT
ACTION: DEPRESSES THE CNS BY POTENTIATING GABA.
PRODUCES RELAXATION BY INHIBITING SPINAL POLYSYNAPTIC AFFERENT
PATHWAYS.
INDICATIONS:
- ANXIETY DISORDER
- CARDIOVERSION
- PREOPERATIVE SEDATION
- UNCONTROLLE SIEZURES
- ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL
- INSOMNIA, ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.
CONTRAINDICATION:
- HYPERSENSITIVITY
- COMATOSE PATIENT
- MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
- SLEEP APNEA
- SEVERE PULMONARY IMPAIRMENT
- SEVERE HEPATIC DYSFUNCTION, UNCONTROLLED PAIN.
ADVERSE EFFECTS;
- CNS: DIZZINESS,DROWSINESS, LETHARGY, DEPRESSION, HANGOVER,
ATAXIA, SLURRED SPEECH, HEADACHE.
- EENT: BLURRED VISION
- RESP: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
- CV: HYPOTENSION,
- GI: CONSTIPATION, VOMITING, NAUSEA, WEIGHT GAIN
- OTHERS: PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE,TOLERANCE, RASHES ETC.
ISUPREL
generic name: ISOPROTERENOL
trade name: ISUPREL
ACTION: Isoproterenol is a potent nonselective
beta-adrenergic agonist with very low affinity for alpha-adrenergic
receptors. It prevents or relieves bronchoconstriction, but
tolerance to this effect develops with overuse of the drug.
USES:
- For mild or transient episodes of heart block that do not
require electric shock or pacemaker therapy.
- For serious episodes of heart block and Adams-Stokes
attacks
- For bronchospasm occurring during anesthesia.
- As an adjunct to fluid and electrolyte replacement therapy
- congestive heart failure, and cardiogenic shock
CONTRAINDICATION:
- tachyarrhythmias;
- tachycardia or heart block caused by digitalis
intoxication;
- ventricular arrhythmias which require inotropic therapy;
- and angina pectoris
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
CNS: Nervousness, headache, dizziness, nausea,
visual blurring.
Cardiovascular: Tachycardia, palpitations,
angina, Adams-Stokes attacks, pulmonary edema, hypertension,
hypotension, ventricular arrhythmias, tachyarrhythmias.
In a few patients, presumably with organic disease of the AV
node and its branches, isoproterenol hydrochloride injection has
been reported to precipitate Adams-Stokes seizures during normal
sinus rhythm or transient heart block.
Respiratory: Dyspnea.
Other: Flushing of the skin, sweating, mild
tremors, weakness, pallor.
NALOXONE
generic name: NALOXONE
trade name: NARCAN, EVZIO
ACTION: COMPETITIVELY BLOCKS THE EFFECTS OF OPIODS
INCLUDING, CND AND RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION.
USES:
- REVERSAL OF CNS DEPRESSION AND RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION BECAUSE
OF OPIOID OVERDOSE.
- OPIOID INDUCED PRURITIS.
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
- HYPERSENSITIVITY
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
- VENTRICULAR ARRYTHMIAS
- HYPERTENSION
- NAUSEA
- VOMITING
- HYPOTENSION