Question

Drug Cards for the following medications that describe the Drug class, Prototype Name, MOA, Major Adverse Effects, Drug Interactions and Contraindications, and Nursing Implications.

Procaine

Lidocaine

Isoflurane

Nitrous Oxide

Propofol

Answer 1

Answers

1. Procaine

Drug class- It is local anesthetic drug of the amino ester group.

Mechanism of action (MOA)- It generally inhibits sodium influx through voltage gated sodium channels in the neuronal cell membrane of peripheral nerves, therefore the action potential cannot arise and signal conduction is inhibited.

Major adverse effect-Difficulty in breathing, closing the throat, swelling of lips

Drug interactions- Majorly interact with digitoxin, together cause your heart beat too slow.

Contraindication- History of an allergic reaction to either the penicillin or procaine components l

Nursing implications-Use procaine with epinephrine with caution in body areas , Hypotension complication in spinal anaesthesia

2. Lidocaine

Drug class-Antidysrhythmics

Mechanism of action (MOA)- It also alters the signal conduction in neuron by prolonged the activation of fast voltage gated sodium channels in the neuronal cell membrane.

Major adverse effect- Hypotension, swelling, redness at injection site

Drug interactions- It has moderate interaction with different drugs, you have to consult your doctor before the use of this medication.

Contraindication- Heart block, several sinoatrial block, severe adverse drug reaction to lidocaine

Nursing implication-- Blood pressure and cardiac monitor prior to administration

3. Isoflurane

Drug class- Schedule VI drug, general anesthetic

Mechanism of action- It acts as positive allosteric modulator of the GABA_​​​A​​receptor in electrophysiology study of neuron. It potentiates glycine receptor activity, which overall decrease motor function.

Major adverse effect- It is depend on dose extension and include respiratory depression, Hypotension

Drug interaction - Bedaquiline and benazepril it can decease the antihypertensive activity of benazepril.

Contraindication- Hypersensitivity, malignant hyperthermia, head trauma, neuromuscular disease

Nursing implication- We should monitor hemodynamic status carefully in patient, Monitor blood pressure, because BP drop because of overdose

4. Nitrous oxide

Drug class- Depressant drug, used by dentist as sedative and anesthetic agent

Mechanism of action- It's effect on brain and spinal cord. Effect on Gamma amino butyric acid cells increasing the inhibition of nerve cell. That causing drowsiness and sleep

Major adverse effect- Nausea and Vomiting

Drug interaction- Amitriptyline, etc

Contraindication- Pneumothorax, pulmonary blebs, air embolism, bowel obstruction

Nursing implication- Historical perspective

5. Propofol

Drug class-Monitor anesthesia care sedation, sedative hypnotic agent

Mechanism of action- It also positively modulate the inhibitory function of GABA through GABA- A receptors.

Major adverse effect- severe pain at injection site, a light headed feeling

Drug interaction- Acipimox, aclidinium etc

It may increase the CNS depressants activities of aclidinium.

Contraindication- Hypersensitivity, hypovolemia, epilepsy, lipid metabolism disorders

Nursing implication- we should assess respiratory status, pulse, blood pressure, adequate ventilation