Question

Part #1

First Names M-Z    Explain how the classic symptoms associated with heart failure may be caused by weakened heart muscle.

There is no response post required for Part 1.

Part #2

Select a class of medication that is prescribed to treat the disorder above assigned to you.

• Select one drug from this class and visit it's web site and refer to your text.
• Explain HOW the drug works.
• Identify five common adverse effects.
• Discuss three priority teaching points.

Respond to one post from a topic different than the one you researched. Refer to your text. Discuss the three teaching points - do you agree that they are priorities? If not, what should be a priority? Can you add any information to enrich the teaching points?

1. Provide an overview and critique for www.nysmokefree.com . Do a good deed...refer one smoker to this resource!

2. Discuss the drug (Advair)...what are the 2 components and actions of this drug? You have been hired by an advertising agency - write a four line poem/jingle about this drug.

3. Respond to one nysmokefree post. Discuss one patient teaching strategy to facilitate smoking cessation.

1. Visit web site www.diabetes.org Discuss your risk factors for DM (take the Diabetes Risk Test under All About Diabetes).

2. Diabetes can cause several long-term complications upon the neurological and vascular systems. Research one of the following complications below. Explain how the specific body system is negatively impacted by DM, discuss the physiology. What are the clinical manifestations of this complication?

First Names P - T    macrovascular - brain

Answer 1

Part#1

Heart failure can be ongoing (chronic), or your condition may start suddenly (acute).

Heart failure signs and symptoms may include:

• Shortness of breath (dyspnea) when you exert yourself or when you lie down
• Fatigue and weakness
• Swelling (edema) in your legs, ankles and feet
• Rapid or irregular heartbeat
• Reduced ability to exercis
• Persistent cough or wheezing with white or pink blood-tinged phlegm
• Increased need to urinate at night
• Swelling of your abdomen (ascites)
• Very rapid weight gain from fluid retention
• Lack of appetite and nausea
• Difficulty concentrating or decreased alertness
• Sudden, severe shortness of breath and coughing up pink, foamy mucus
• Chest pain if your heart failure is caused by a heart attack
• Part#2
• *Some of the major types of commonly prescribed heart failure medications are summarized in this section. For your information and reference, we have included generic names as well as major trade names to help you identify what you may be taking; however, the AHA is not recommending or endorsing any specific products. If your prescription medication isn’t on this list, remember that your healthcare provider and pharmacist are your best sources of information. It’s important to discuss all of the drugs you take with your doctor and understand their desired effects and possible side effects. Never stop taking a medication and never change your dose or frequency without first consulting your doctor.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

Commonly prescribed include:

• Captopril (Capoten)
• Enalapril (Vasotec)
• Fosinopril (Monopril)
• Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
• Perindopril (Aceon)
• Quinapril (Accupril)
• Ramipril (Altace)
• Trandolapril (Mavik)

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (or Inhibitors)

(Also known as ARBs or Angiotensin-2 Receptor Antagonists)

Commonly prescribed include:

• Candesartan (Atacand)
• Losartan (Cozaar)
• Valsartan (Diovan)

Angiotensin-Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitors (ARNIs)

ARNIs are a new drug combination of a neprilysin inhibitor and an ARB.

• Sacubitril/valsartan

If Channel Blocker (or inhibitor)

This drug class reduces the heart rate, similar to another class of drugs called beta blockers.

• Ivabradine (Corlanor)

Beta Blockers (Also known as Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents)

Commonly prescribed include:

• Bisoprolol (Zebeta)
• Metoprolol succinate (Toprol XL)
• Carvedilol (Coreg)
• Carvedilol CR (Coreg CR)Toprol XL

Aldosterone Antagonists

Commonly prescribed include:

• Spironolactone (Aldactone)
• Eplerenone (Inspra)

Hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate (specifically benefits African-Americans with heart failure)

Commonly prescribed:

• Hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate (combination drug) - (Bidil)

Diuretics (Also known as water pills)

Commonly prescribed include:

• Furosemide (Lasix)
• Bumetanide (Bumex)
• Torsemide (Demadex)
• Chlorothiazide (Diuril)
• Amiloride (Midamor Chlorthalidone (Hygroton)
• Hydrochlorothiazide or HCTZ (Esidrix, Hydrodiuril)
• Indapamide (Lozol)
• Metolazone (Zaroxolyn)
• Triamterene (Dyrenium)
• As their name suggests, the clinically useful beta blockers used to treat CHFbind to beta-adrenergic receptors on the myocardium, blocking the effectsof norepinephrine and epinephrine. By this mechanism, beta blockers normalize sympathetic activityreducing heart rate, cardiaccontraction force, and angina

• Common side effects: Dizziness, low blood pressure, changes in kidney function, dry cough, increased potassium levels and swelling in your lips or throat. Common side effects: Dizziness, low blood pressure, changes in kidney function and increased potassium levels.