Question

The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Comparison Grid, 1-Page Analysis, and 1-page Fact Sheet)

Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid

Use the Agenda Comparison Grid Template found in the Learning Resources and complete the Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid based on the current/sitting U.S. president and the two previous presidential administrations and their agendas related to the public health concern you selected. Be sure to address the following:

• Identify and provide a brief description of the population health concern you selected and the factors that contribute to it.
• Describe the administrative agenda focus related to the issue you selected.
• Identify the allocations of financial and other resources that the current and two previous presidents dedicated to this issue.
• Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue.

Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis

Using the information you recorded in Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid on the template, complete the Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis portion of the template, by addressing the following:

• Which administrative agency would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected?
• How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the agenda for the current and two previous presidents? How does it stay there?
• Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue you selected for the current and two previous presidents?

Part 3: Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief

Using the information recorded on the template in Parts 1 and 2, develop a 1-page narrative that you could use to communicate with a policymaker/legislator or a member of their staff for this healthcare issue. Be sure to address the following:

• Summarize why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation.
• Justify the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issue

Submit your final version of Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid, Part 2:

Answer 1

Greetings of the day!

Answer:

INTRODUCTION

Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid

Use the Agenda Comparison Grid Template found in the Learning Resources and complete the Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid based on the current/sitting U.S. president and the two previous presidential administrations and their agendas related to the public health concern you selected. Be sure to address the following:

• Identify and provide a brief description of the population health concern you selected and the factors that contribute to it.
• Describe the administrative agenda focus related to the issue you selected.
• Identify the allocations of financial and other resources that the current and two previous presidents dedicated to this issue.
• Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue. NURS 6050 agenda comparison grid and fact sheet Example

Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis

Using the information you recorded in Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid on the template, complete the Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis portion of the template, by addressing the following:

• Which administrative agency would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected?
• How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the agenda for the current and two previous presidents? How does it stay there?
• Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue you selected for the current and two previous presidents?

Part 3: Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief

Based on the feedback that you received from your colleagues in the Discussion, revise Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid and Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis.

Then, using the information recorded on the template in Parts 1 and 2, develop a 1-page Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief that you could use to communicate with a policymaker/legislator or a member of their staff for this healthcare issue. You can use Microsoft Word or PowerPoint to create your Fact Sheet or Talking Point Brief. Be sure to address the following:

• Summarize why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation.
• Justify the role of the nurse in agenda setting for healthcare issues.

ANSWER:

Identify the Population Health concern you selected.	Opioid Crisis
Describe the Population Health concern you selected and the factors that contribute to it.	Drug overdose deaths continue to increase in the United States and continue to affect men and women from different backgrounds to include geographical, educational and ethnicity. The opioid crisis became prevalent in the late 1990’s partly to lack of information regarding the medications resulted from an increased rate in prescriptions drugs by subscribers (U.S. Department of State, 2017).
Administration (President Name)	(Donald J. Trump)	(Barack Obama)	(George W. Bush)
Describe the administrative agenda focus related to this issue for the current and two previous presidents.	The current administration has declared this crisis a public health emergency and talked about several ways to enforce and improve the crisis through improving access to prevention, treatment, and recovery services while targeting the availability and distribution of overdose-reversing drugs.	Some of the agenda of this president included a focus on healthcare availability allowing affected groups better and faster access to treatments and services while restricting prescribers ability to overprescribe (U.S. Department of State, 2012)	The focus of that administration was mainly focused on creative a budget for law enforcement because addiction was perceived as a crime rather than a public health issue.
Identify the allocations of financial and other resources that the current and two previous presidents dedicated to this issue.	According to the department of health and human services, “in 2017, HHS invested more than $900 million in opioid-specific funding, including to support state and local governments and civil society groups (HHS.gov, 2019).	Training is provided to first responders with access to availability of overdose-reversing drugs.	Funds were allocated to assist Training and resources were provided to law enforcement while offenders were sent to jails and/or rehabilitation services.
Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue.	The current administration continues to approach the situation using a five-point strategy including prevention, treatment, recovery, research on addiction and pain, and advance the practice of pain management. HHS recommends prescribing Naloxone to patients at high risk for an opioid overdose (HHS.gov, 2019).	The administration approached the issue by ensuring that services were available to rural and underserved communities through easy access to services while providing access to public transportation. Physicians and nurses education included awareness and treatment of the crisis to reduce stigma and to improve adherence to treatments.	Although funding was available, the issue was approached at a criminal level rather than a health care crisis. More emphasis was placed on law enforcement ability to fight the issue as a crime while the most affected communities were left without treatments or services (CDC.gov, 2019)

Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis

Using the information you recorded in Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid, complete the following to document information about the population health/healthcare issue your selected

Administration (President Name)	(Donald J. Trump)	(Obama Barack)	(George W. Bush)
Which administrative agency would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected?	The current administrative agency is more likely be responsible for helping me with my chosen healthcare issue of opioid crisis since more is being done today to come up with new ways to solve this issue than ever before. President Trump announced on October 26, 2017, that his administration had declared the opioid crisis a nationwide Public Health emergency (Whitehouse, March 2018}. President Trump immobilized his entire administration to address this issue by labeling it as a public health emergency and directed the declaration of a nationwide public health emergency to address the issue ( This action allows for expanded access to telemedicine services, including services involving remote prescribing of medicine commonly used for substance abuse or mental health treatment ( The declaration opened up avenues necessary to combat the crisis. Ways to fight back the crisis include: prevention, treatment, and recovery.	Between 2013 and 2017, more than 67,000 people died of synthetic-opioid By 2016, thousands of people were dying from overdoses of fentanyl, the deadliest drug to ever hit U.S streets and the administration needed to take immediate action. By then, the epidemic had been escalating for over three years. (washingtonpost, March 2018) The opioid crisis represented an extraordinary public health challenge, according to 11 experts back in 2016, the Obama administration considered the request but did not take immediate actions. The decision was one in a series of missed opportunities, oversights and half-measures by federal officials who failed to grasp how quickly, and fatal fentanyl was which contributed to the opioid epidemic. After the 2016 election, at the urging of President Obama, Congress approved nearly $1 billion for oipiod treatment programs. Drug policy experts called that figure” a drop in the bucket”.(      ). The administration had comprehensive approach to the opioid crisis which included passage of the Affordable Care Act, a push for funding to expand treatment and the updating of guidelines for prescribing opioids. The administration added money to accelerate data collection on overdoses. The administration also met held “roundtable” with grieving parents.	As law enforcement began cracking down in 2005 on prescription opioids such as Oxycontin and Vicodin, addicts turned to heroin, which was cheaper and more available. Then, in 2003, fentanyl arrived, and overdoses and deaths soared (whashingtonpost, March 2019). NURS 6050 agenda comparison grid and fact sheet Example
How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the agenda for the current and two previous presidents? How does it stay there?	For years, congress didn’t provide significant funding to combat the opioid epidemic. U.S. Customs and border protection didn’t have enough officers, properly trained dogs or sophisticated equipment to curb illegal fentanyl shipments entering the country from China and Mexico. The US postal service didn’t require electronic monitoring of international packages, making it difficult to detect parcel containing opioids ordered over the internet from China(     ). Facing hotly contested mid-term elections in 2018, Congress finally passed legislation aimed at addressing the increasingly politicized opioid crisis, including measures to force the Postal Office Service to start tracking international packages. NURS 6050 agenda comparison grid and fact sheet Example	No one in Congress issued public statements or calls for actions despite the rise in overdoses and deaths
Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue you selected for the current and two previous presidents?

Note: Part 3: of the Module 1: Assignment: Agenda Comparison Grid and Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief is a 1-page Fact Sheet or Talking Points Brief the you will create in a separate document.

Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis

Administration (President Name)	(Donald J. Trump)	(Obama Barack)	(George W. Bush)
Administrative Agency	-President Donald Trump’s administration declared the opioid crisis to be a public health emergency and was clear on some of the ways his administration would use to address the issue (Gostin, Hodge & Noe, 2017). -He ensured the formation of the Commission on Combating Drug Addiction and the Opioid Crisis under the leadership of New Jersey governor Christ Christie. The commission provided 56 recommendations on how best to address the opioid crisis (Baker, 2017). -Several Medicaid changes were proposed to combat the crisis – Trump signed the International Narcotics Trafficking Emergency Response By Detecting Incoming Contraband With Technology (INTERDICT) Act which was a boost for the country’s screening tools for the customs agents. -President Trump’s administration approach to this issue is more aggressive as compared to previous administrations thus the best choice for addressing this issue.	-President Barack Obama’s administration was more aggressive than the administration of George Bush in addressing the opioid crisis. – Although he implemented the Prescription Drug Abuse Prevention Plan the crisis did not incorporate the abuse and misuse of carefentanil and fentanyl (Nelson, Juurlink & Perrone, 2015). -in 2010, he passed the Fair sentencing Act where different drugs were given different sentences. -Signed the CARA Act into law to expand access to naloxone in efforts to combat the crisis (Painter, 2017). -Obamas administration delayed efforts to curb the opioid crisis until the year 2015.	– The crisis was in its initial stages during George’s administration. NURS 6050 agenda comparison grid and fact sheet Example -Bush proved to be more reactive than proactive in combating the crisis – The national government was generally not well prepared in terms of resources and technology, which allowed the flourishing of the illegal drug market.
Agenda Setting	Under Trump’s administration, the agenda of addressing the opioid crisis was set and maintained by the administration’s leadership through a five-point strategy of prevention, treatment, recovery and research and advanced practice.	Barack’s administration set the opioid crisis agenda by championing for universal health coverage through the ACA to guarantee access to care in all community settings and nurse practitioners to fill the gaps in practice.	George Bush’s administration set and maintained the opioid crisis agenda from a legal perspective where a lot of emphasis was placed   on addressing the issue as a form of crime especially in community settings that had little or no access to care services.
Champion/Sponsor	Admiral James Winnefeld who formed the Stop Addiction Fatality Epidemic (SAFE) after losing their son to an opioid drug overdose in 2017.	Senator Sheldon Whitehouse who introduced the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act that was signed into law in 2016 by president Obama.	Hillary Clinton, the US first lady from 1993-2001 when the opioid crisis had just began and US senator from 2001 to 2009 could be the best champion.

Part 3: Fact Sheet

Why the Opioid Crisis Is Important For the Legislation Agenda?

Epidemiology

• The opioid crisis affects people of all races, ages, and gender. However, older adults are the most affected due to high reliance on opioids to cope with very painful chronic illnesses.
• The 2012-2013 data from the National Epidemiology Survey on Alcohol and associated conditions revealed that 2.5% of adults aged 65 and older used prescription opioids for 12 months with no medical indication (Gostin, Hodge & Noe, 2017).
• 5% of this population was later diagnosed with opioid use disorder.

Physical, Social, Physiological and Psychological Effects

• Long term use of opioids can result in drowsiness, euphoria, and respiratory complications (McCarty, Priest & Korthuis, 2018).
• In more severe cases, individuals can develop opioid use disorder with withdrawal symptoms, being unable to reduce or control their use, addiction, inability to perform educational and work responsibilities and activities of daily life, being tolerant, interpersonal and social problems (McCarty, Priest & Korthuis, 2018).

Mortality and Morbidity Rates

• The opioid epidemic in the United States claims more than 30,000 individuals annually.
• In the year 2017, more than 70,000 mortalities occurred from a drug overdose and 50,000 involved opioid use(Painter, 2017). NURS 6050 agenda comparison grid and fact sheet Example
• The number of deaths and disability has gradually increased over the years.

Economic Implications

• Managing opioid use disorder and its related symptoms has proven to be costly for individuals, households and the federal government.
• Trump’s administration used approximately $11billion in the 2017-2018FY to address the opioid crisis in terms of prevention, recovery, treatment and promoting the continuum of care (Gostin, Hodge & Noe (2017)

Nurse’s Role In Opioid Crisis Agenda Setting

• Prevention and Early Recognition

Nurses can have a significant role in early recognition and prevention of opioid misuse and abuse since they are at the first contact with patients and spend more time with them.

• Prescription Monitoring

Nurses are positioned to identify patients who start to gradually be addicted to opioids by monitoring prescriptions (Murthy, 2016).

• Advocacy

Nurses can advocate for the implementation of appropriate policies and strategies of pain management, develop new standards on how to write opioid prescriptions and protocols for opioid addiction treatment for released convicts.