Question

Explain the most significant ways in which Drawin's theory differed form these earlier theories influences of Charles Darwin as he developed his theory of evolution including Georges Cuvier and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, William Buckland, Charles Lyell, Thomas Mathus.

Answer 1

Ans . Darwin's theory of evolution :- It states that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. It states that the evolution happens by natural selection . Individuals in a species show variation in physical characteristics. Individuals with characteristics best best suited to their environment are more likely to survive, finding food, avoiding predators and resisting disease.

Georges Cuvier theory of catastrophes :- Accordingly, fossils show that animal and plant species are destroyed time and again by deluges and other natural cataclysms, and that new species evolve only after that.

Lamarck's theory of evolution :- It states that an organism can pass on to its offspring physical characteristics that the parent organism acquired through use or disuse during its lifetime.

William Buckland :- He developed a new hypothesis that the word " beginning" in Genesis meant an undefined period between the origin of the earth and the creation of its current inhabitants.

Charles Lyell :- He argued that the formation of earth's crust took place through countless small changes occuring over vast periods of time, all according to known natural laws. His "uniformitarian " proposal was that the forces molding the planet today have operated continuously throughout its history.

Thomas Malthus :- He published the principle of population where he made the observations that the human race would be likely to overproduce if the population size was not kept under control.