Question

Faith and Dela are two young scientist with Biosearch Africa. They’ve isolated a new protein in the sera of recovered Covid-19 disease caused by SARS-Cov2 virus that they are convinced is a new isotype of human immunoglobulin.

a. Name 5 structural features that protein A must have in order to be classified as an immunoglobulin.

b. Describe the immune response responsible of producing antibodies.

Mention the antibody markers that describes acute and chronic virologic infections.

Answer 1

Answer: The five primary classes of immunoglobulins are IgG,IgM,IgA,IgD and IgE.These are distinguished by the type of heavy chain found in the molecule. IgG molecules have heavy chains known as gamma-chains,IgMs have mu-chains,IgAs have alpha-chains,IgEs have epsilon-chains,and IdDs have delta-chains.

Features: Immunoglobulins are heteodimeric proteins composed of two heavy (H) and two light (L) chains.They can be separated functionality into variable (V) domains that binds antigens and constant (C) domains that specify effector functions such as activation of complement or binding to Fc receptors.

Immune response responsible for antibody production: Lymphocytes are one of the main types of immune cells.B lymphocytes produce antibodies- proteins (gamma globulins)that recognize foreign substances (antigen) and attach themselves to them.B lymphocytes (orB cells)are each programmed to make one specific antibody.When a B cell comes across its triggering antigen it gives rise to many large cells known as plasma cells.Each plasma cell is essentially a factory for producing antibody.An antibody matches an antigen much Like a key matches a lock.

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg ) is the first serum marker seen in persons with acute viral infection.