Question

1. Write the chemical structures of monomer, repeating unit and polymer ? IUPAC name, common name, trade names and abbreviation of polyamide
2. What are the important properties for the polyamide
3. When polyamide was discovered and commercialized, give the short history of
polymer.
4. How it can be polymerized, which polymerization process and what are the mostly used
processing methods, which company(s) produces and how much produces this polymer?
5. How it is characterized? Choose at least 3 different characterization tool and find
examples from literature? Why these characterization methods are used? What are the results
for this polymer?
6. What are the common applications?
7. How it can be modified?
8. What are the common copolymers, composites, or nanocomposites?( Give at least one
important example for each)
9. What are the recycling properties?

Answer 1

Ans-5) Characterisation of polyamides is as follows-

Nylon (form: random long fiber glass matt)

In nylon reinforced with random glass matt (GMT), the fibers are ineffective for reinforcing vibration-welded butt joints. The maximum weld strengths attained with GMT are comparable to the strengths of good welds of the unfilled material. High welding pressures and high amplitudes result in lower mechanical properties. The optimum penetration depends on the fiber content of the bulk material. This penetration dependence is different from that for unfilled thermoplastic, for which the mechanical properties are independent of the penetration once a steady state has been attained.

Fluorinated Polyamides

Aromatic polyamides are a class of high-performance polymers. However, their insolubility and processing difficulty has restricted their applications. Fluorinated polyamides exhibit enhanced solubility in common organic solvents. Additionally, fluorinated polyamides show improved properties in comparison to the nonfluorinated analogs.

Ans-6) common application of polyamides-

• Clothing – Shirts, Foundation garments, lingerie, raincoats, underwear, swimwear and cycle wear.
• Industrial uses – Conveyer and seat belts, parachutes, airbags, nets and ropes, tarpaulins, thread, and tents.
• It is used to make a fish net.
• It is used as plastic in manufacturing machine parts.

Ans-7)1.Surface Modification of Polyamide 6,6 Fabrics with an
Alkaline Protease-Subtilisin treatment is feasible in benign conditions,
and yields a clean, dynamic approach for Polyamide
6,6 (PA 6,6) modification.

2.Solid-state modification of polyamide-6,6

Ans-8) some common copolymer are as follows-

Acetonitrile-Acetonitrile is a volatile organic compound. It is also called Cyanomethane or Methanecarbonitrile. The chemical formula of Acetonitrile is C2H3N.

Styrene-butadiene- styrene-butadiene is a  block copolymer derived from styrene and butadiene.

Ans-9)

Primary Recycling-

The most popular process is represented by the primary recycling due to their simplicity and low

cost. This process refers to the reuse of products in their original structure. The disadvantage of this

process is represented by the existence of a limit on the number of cycles for each material [18,36,37].

Secondary Recycling or Mechanical Recycling-

In this process, only the thermoplastic polymers can be used, because they can be re-melted and

reprocessed into end products. The mechanical recycling does not involve the alteration of the polymer

during the process.