Question

write structural formulas for all aldehydes with molecular formula C6H12O and give each it's IUPAC name. which if these aldehydes are chiral?

Answer 1

Aldehydes are terminal groups, i.e. C=OH are always in the ned of th egroup, cna't be in the center, so there cna't be plenty of species:

NAMES (left to right, top to bottom)

hexanal; 3-methylpentanal, 4-mehtylpentanal, 2,4-dimethylbutanal, 1-methylpentanal, 2,2-dimethylbutanal

First, identify the CHIRAL center, recall that the chiral center must be bonded to 4 different types of "branches" that is, they should NOT repeat each other, such as CH3, CH3.. It should have all 4 substituents completely different.

Second, Classify by "importance", recall that we must number from high to low atomic number sizes. For Chorine, Cl , Z = 35, which is larger than Carbon with Z = 12. Note that by definition, Hydrogen has Z = 1, so this is the least important specie. Then, Cl > C > H is a good example.

Third, Number 1,2,3,4 in the chiral center

Chiral carbons are pointed in RED