Question

Question: Did males and females differ in their levels of supporting others?

a. Report the results to answer the question above in context.

ANOVA - SUPPORTING_OTHERS
Homogeneity Correction		Cases		Sum of Squares		df		Mean Square		F		p		η²		η² p		ω²
None		GENDER		0.660		1.000		0.660		0.055		0.815		4.469e -4		4.469e -4		0.000
		Residuals		1476.332		123.000		12.003
Welch		GENDER		0.660		1.000		0.660		0.053		0.819		4.469e -4		4.469e -4		0.000
		Residuals		1476.332		85.355		17.296

Answer 1

As per the question, we have to test if the males and females differ in their levels of supporitng others. In others words, we can say that, we have to test there is effect of gender on the supporting levels.

In the hypothesis terms, we have to test

H0: there is no difference in supporting levels of males and females (µmale=µfemale).

H1: there is significant difference in supporting levels of males and females (µmale≠µfemale).

Case-1: with no homogeneity correction - the given ANOVA table is

SUPPORTING_OTHERS
Homogeneity Correction	Cases	Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	p	η²	η² p	ω²
None	GENDER	0.66	1	0.66	0.055	0.815	4.469e -4	4.469e -4	0
	Residuals	1476.332	123	12.003

In this case, we have the p-value = 0.815, which is obviously greater than 0.05 and it suggests that we do not have enough evidence against H0 to reject it, so we fail to reject H0 at 0.05 level of significance and we can conclude that there is no difference in supporting levels of males and females.

Case-2: welch homogeneity correction - the given ANOVA table is

SUPPORTING_OTHERS
Homogeneity Correction	Cases	Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	p	η²	η² p	ω²
Welch	GENDER	0.66	1	0.66	0.053	0.819	4.469e -4	4.469e -4	0
	Residuals	1476.332	85.355	17.296

In this case, we have the p-value = 0.819, which is obviously greater than 0.05 and it suggests that we do not have enough evidence against H0 to reject it, so we fail to reject H0 at 0.05 level of significance and we can conclude that there is no difference in supporting levels of males and females.

Finally in both the cases, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and we can conclude that males and females do not differ in their levels of supporting others.